化药新药研发检测

在本研究中，我们通过使用一系列不同pH值的流动相，利用ACQUITY QDa检测器所获得的定性质谱数据追踪盐酸齐拉西酮及其USP指定的相关化合物。证明在方法开发中，使用配有ACQUITY QDa质谱检测器的ACQUITY UPLC H-Class系统获得的定性质谱数据，可以对盐酸齐拉西酮和相关化合物进行确证。使用结合Auto?Blend Plus技术的ACQUITY UPLC H-Class系统对pH值进行控制，并有助于方法的开发。

使用单一检测技术进行方法开发是一项比较困难的挑战，UV谱图数据有助于进行峰纯度评估和鉴定，但如果存在共流出物，峰追踪就难以实现。质谱数据可针对少数化合物实现色谱峰匹配，但如果存在同量异位化合物，就需要更多信息才能进行谱峰确证：无论是想要立即获取UV鉴定结果还是更可靠的分析定量，完整的分离都是最基本的要求。 为应对这些挑战，可以使用多种检测器来对单个样品进行分析，每种检测技术分别针对不同理化特性的分子。将检测器响应整合到一个软件界面中，就可以通过精简的平台简化数据分析

The development of monoclonal antibody (Mab) based drugs has undergone considerable growth since the release of the first Mab in the mid-eighties. Intuitive biophysical tools that examine and quantify interactions and conformational dynamics are important in demonstrating and understanding local and global conformational changes. The structure of antibodies as well as other macromolecules is related to its function and efficacy therefore control over these parameters is essential. The association of antigens to antibodies or of antibodies to delivery assemblies such as liposomes or gold nanoparticles can be addressed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) while the folding of antibodies can be assayed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Both techniques offer the advantage of using native solutions and both instruments are offered by TA Instruments.

Abstract—Desymmetrization of pyridazine-3,6-diones by the use of N-benzyl protective groups leads to useful starting materials for building polysubstituted pyridazine libraries in a regioselective manner.

Mechanotransduction in the regulation of cellular responses has been previously studied using elastic hydrogels. Because cells interact only with the surface of biomaterials, we are focusing on the molecular mobility at the outermost surface of biomaterials. In this study, surfaces with the mobile Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) peptide have been constructed. Cell culture substrates were coated with ABA-type block copolymers composed of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-n-butyl methacrylate) segments (A) and a polyrotaxane (PRX) unit with RGDS bound to a-cyclodextrin (B). Adhesion, morphological changes and actin filament formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were reduced on the surfaces containing mobile PRX-RGDS in comparison to the immobile RGDS surfaces constructed from random copolymers with RGDS side groups (Prop-andom-RGDS). In the neurite outgrowth assay using rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells (PC12), only 20% of adherent PC12 cells had neurites on PRX-RGDS surfaces, but more than 50% did on the Random-RGDS surface. The beating colony of dimethyl-sulfoxide-treated mouse embryonic carcinoma cells (P19CL6) were found 10 and 14 days after induction on PRX-RGDS and Random-RGDS surfaces, respectively. After 22 days, the beating colony disappeared on PRX-RGDS surfaces, but many colonies remained on Random-RGDS surfaces. These data suggest that the molecular mobility of the cell-binding ligand on the outermost surface of materials effectively suppresses the actin filament formation and differentiation of these functional cell lines, and may be used as a culture substrate for immature stem cells or progenitor cells.

A microwave-promoted three-step tandem process for the synthesis of bicyclic c-lactams is developed. In all cases examined this led to significantly faster tandem processes producing the bicyclic c-lactams more cleanly and reproducibly compared to standard thermal conditions.

A microwave-assisted, sequential, one-pot protocol has been developed for the synthesis of a variety of benzothiadiazin-3-one-1,1-dioxides. This protocol utilizes a copper catalyzed N-arylation of a-bromobenzenesulfonamides with a number of amines to generate the corresponding 2 aminobenzenesulfonamides,which undergo cyclization to the desired sultams using carbonyl diimidazole (CDI). A range ofconditions was evaluated for the key C–N bond formation step with tolerance toward functionalized amines.

The palladium-catalyzed arylation of rac-(E)-3-acetoxy-1,3-diphenylprop-1-ene with arylboronic acids was studied under controlled microwave irradiation conditions. Avariety of different catalysts, bases, and solvents were explored in order to achieve optimum yields in the shortest possible reaction times. The best isolated yields were obtained using Pd2(dba)3$CHCl3/PPh3 as the catalytic system, potassium phosphate monohydrate as the base, and toluene/H2O as a solvent system. Microwave irradiation using 5 mol% of the palladium catalyst for 90 s (max. temp 170 C) generally afforded the cross-coupling products in good to excellent yields.

We report here an efficient and expeditious microwave-assisted synthesis of cyclopentadiene ring-fused tetrahydroquinolines using the three-component Povarov reaction catalyzed by indium (III) chloride. This method has an advantage of shorter reaction time (10–15 min) with high and reproducible yields (up to 90%) and is suitable for parallel library synthesis. The optimization process is reported and the results from the microwave route are compared with those of the conventional synthetic route. In almost all cases, the microwave acceleration consistently provided improved yields favoring the cis-diastereomer.

The Letter describes the investigation of an industrial reaction of N-methylphenylpiperazine and chloro nicotinonitrile, under microwave heating. Besides the formation of the expected 2-(4-methyl-2-phenylpiperazinyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile (4), extension of the scale leads to unexpected by-products. A specific pathway due to the formation of a reactive ‘ionic alkylating intermediate’ formed in situ under microwave conditions is proposed to explain the results observed.

An efficient route to dipyridone acid HIV integrase inhibitors is developed. The key steps include a onepot three-step formation of the core template (containing one point of structural diversity) followed by a regioselective benzylation and in situ deprotection to afford the title compounds.

因为药物晶体具有很好的储存稳定性，药物公司在新药物配方中倾向采用结晶化合物。然而经常碰到的问题是药物存在多种结晶形式，即通常所说得多晶型。由于多晶型的每种晶型的物理性质、比如分散速率和生物活性有很大的不同，因此控制结晶的形势和含量显得十分重要。

Previously it has been shown that glycerol can be regioselectively glucosylated by sucrose phosphorylase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides to form 2-O--d-glucopyranosyl glycerol.A series of compounds related to glycerol were investigated by us to determine the scope of the -glucosylation reaction of sucrose phosphorylase. Both sucrose and glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) were applied as glucosyl donor. Mono-alcohols were not accepted as substrates but several 1,2-diols were readily glucosylated, proving that the vicinal diol unit is crucial for activity. The smallest substrate that was accepted for glucosylation appeared to be ethylene glycol,which was converted to the monoglucoside for 69%. Using high acceptor and donor concentrations (up to 2.5 M), sucrose or G1P hydrolysis (with H2O being the ‘acceptor’) can be minimised. In the study cited above, a preference for glucosylation of glycerol on the 2-position has been observed. For 1,2-propanediol however, the regiochemistry appeared to be dependent on the configuration of the substrate. The (R)-enantiomer was preferentialy glucosylated on its 1-position (ratio 2.5:1), whereas the 2-glucoside is the major product for (S)-1,2-propanediol (1:4.1). d.e.ps of 71–83% were observed with a preference for the (S)-enantiomer of the glucosides of 1,2-propanediol and 1,2-butanediol and the (R)-enantiomer of the glucoside of 3-methoxy-1,2-propanediol. This is the first example of stereoselective glucosylation of a non-natural substrate by sucrose phosphorylase. 3-Amino-1,2-propanediol, 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, 1-thioglycerol and glyceraldehyde were not accepted as substrates.

A biomimetic approach has been investigated and developed for the total synthesis of azonazine, an unusual marine natural cyclopeptide containing a rigid transannular 10-membered ring. A hypervalent iodine-mediated direct oxidative cyclization was successfully developed and applied to construct the highly strained core, which was the key step in the first total synthesis of ent-(
)-azonazine. Based on the physical evidences of synthesized diastereomer and enantiomer of azonazine, both the relative and absolute configurations of the natural product were revised. Two fluorinated azonazine derivatives were also synthesized in short convenient steps utilizing the same intermediate in this work. The established total synthesis opens a potential opportunity to study the structureeactivity relationship of natural azonazine.

Novel benzofuran-2-carboxamide ligands, which are selective for sigma receptors, have been synthesized via a microwave-assisted Perkin rearrangement reaction and a modified Finkelstein halogen-exchange used to facilitate Nalkylation. The ligands synthesized are the 3-methyl-N-phenyl-N-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)benzofuran-2-carboxamides (KSCM-1, KSCM-5 and KSCM-11). The benzofuran-2-carboxamide structure was N-arylated and N-alkylated to include both N-phenyl and N-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl substituents, respectively. These new carboxamides exhibit high affinity at the sigma-1 receptor with Ki values ranging from 7.8 to 34 nM. Ligand KSCM-1 with two methoxy substituents at C-5 and C-6 of the benzofuran ring, and Ki = 27.5 nM at sigma-1 was found to be more selective for sigma-1 over sigma-2.

Novel C-aryl glucoside SGLT2 inhibitors containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole moieties were designed and synthesized. Among the compounds tested, biaryl-type compounds containing pyrazine 59, 2-furan 61, and 3-thiophene 71 showed the best in vitro inhibitory activities to date (IC50 = 3.51–7.03 nM) against SGLT2. A selected compound 61, demonstrated reasonable blood glucose-lowering effects, indicating that the information obtained from the SAR studies in this 1,3,4-thiadiazolylmethylphenyl glucoside series might help to design more active SGLT2 inhibitors that are structurally related.

A series of Arg-Phe-NH2 peptidomimetics containing an Arg mimetic were synthesized and tested as agonists of human MrgX1, rat MrgC, and mouse MrgC11 receptors. As predicted from the previously established species specificity, these peptidomimetics were found to be devoid of MrgX1 agonist activity. In contrast, these compounds acted as agonists of MrgC and/or MrgC11 with varying degrees of potency. These new peptidomimetics should complement the existing small molecule human MrgX1 agonists and enhance our ability to assess the therapeutic utility of targeting Mrg receptors in rodent models.

Reported herein is the total synthesis of zincophorin methyl ester, a polyketide ionophore. Of particular interest is the use of sterically hindered nucleophiles to surmount the unfavorable stereochemical outcome, leading to acetate aldol adducts, in nucleophilic addition to the aldehyde derived from propionates. The approach is based on the addition of an enoxysilane (bearing a removable phenylselenide moiety) to generate selectively FelkineAnh adducts in a BF3,OEt2-mediated Mukaiyama aldol reaction. Subsequent reduction of the selenide group led to the corresponding syn-aldol acetate motif, and this approach was applied to induce selectively the C12eC13 relationship of zincophorin.

The [18F]fluorocyclobutyl group has the potential to be a metabolically stable prosthetic group for PET tracers. The synthesis of the radiolabeling precursor cis-cyclobutane-1,3-diyl bis(toluene-4-sulfonate) 8 was obtained from epibromohydrin in 7 steps (2% overall yield). The radiolabeling of this precursor 8 and its conjugation to L-tyrosine as a model system was successfully achieved to give the new nonnatural amino acid 3-[18F]fluorocyclobutyl-L-tyrosine (L-3-[18F]FCBT) [18F]17 in 8% decay-corrected yield from the non-carrier-added [18F]fluoride. L-3-[18F]FCBT was investigated in vitro in different cancer cell lines to determine the uptake and stability. The tracer [18F]17 showed a time dependent uptake into different tumor cell lines (A549, NCI-H460, DU145) with the best uptake of 5.8% injected dose per 5  105 cells after 30 min in human lung carcinoma cells A549. The stability of L-3-[18F]FCBT in human and rat plasma and the stability of the non-radioactive L-3-FCBT in rat hepatocytes were both found to be excellent. These results show that the non-natural amino acid L-3-[18F]FCBT is a promising metabolically stable radiotracer for positron emission tomography.

A new pyrrole building block is described, which allows for the regiospecific synthesis of 2,3,5-trisubstituted pyrroles and 2,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyrroles. Optimization studies are presented for the preparation of the pyrrole building block along with the evaluation of various cross-coupling conditions and cross-coupling agents. A short, formal synthesis of the natural products Polycitone A, Polycitone B, and Polycitrin A from the pyrrole building block is also described.

由于一系列具有生物活性的化合物中均含有 2-氟联苯结构单元，因此通过简单易得的起始原料采用有效的途径实现 2-氟联苯类化合物的合成是十分必要的。 麻省理工学院的 Stephen L. Buchwald 教授课题组报道了一种利用连续流技术合成 2-氟联苯化合物的方法。

本文介绍了马血清中速尿((呋塞米)的提取和检测 关于Supelco 美国Supelco公司成立于1966年，一直致力于色谱耗材的研究和生产，是色谱耗材的专业生产公司。超过40年在色谱和分析领域的技术经验，拥有多项专利技术，提供范围广泛的产品：气相色谱柱（包括手性柱）和配件、液相色谱柱（包括手性柱）和配件、固相萃取小柱和装置、固相微萃取手柄和萃取头、空气检测产品、分析标准品和样品瓶等。1993年，Supelco（上海：021-61415566-8209 北京：010-65688088-6812 广州：020-38840730-5001）正式加入美国Sigma-Aldrich公司，成为Sigma-Aldrich公司旗下分析业务的专业品牌。

We report herein a method that allows for the formation of a CeN bond between the Ce3 carbon of alactams and the nitrogen atom of indoles. A general procedure for the coupling of indoles and a-lactams in only 25 min with high yield is reported. The scope of the reactionwas extended by the development of a method for the in situ generation of less stable phenyl-substituted a-lactams. The developed method provides an atom-economical method for the formation of substituted a-amino amides that are found in a variety of biologically-active compounds.

The impact of a-trifluoromethanesulfonyl groups on the chemistry of various carbonyl groups is reported. Allylic a,a-dialkylated-a-trifluoromethanesulfonyl esters readily underwent decarboxylative allylation. a Trifluoromethylsulfonyl esters, ketones, and amides were all methylated in the presence of trimethylsilyldiazomethane. Esters afforded a mixture of O- and C-methylation; however, ketones and amides offered exclusively O-methylation, with varying degrees of E/Z selectivity, thus affording ambiphilic alkenes. a-Trifluoromethanesulfonyl ketones also exhibited keto-enol tautomerism.

Exploitation of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway offers the promise of new and effective therapies for a wide variety of diseases. Clinical development of new drugs based on this platform technology is still limited, however, by a lack of safe and efficient delivery systems. Here we report the development of a class of structurally versatile cationic lipopolyamines designed specifically for delivery of siRNA which show high levels of target transcript knockdown in a range of cell types in vitro. A primary benefit of these lipids is the ease with which they may be covalently modified by the addition of functional molecules. For in vivo applications one of the core lipids (Staramine) was modified with methoxypolyethylene glycols (mPEGs) of varying lengths. Upon systemic administration, PEGylated Staramine nanoparticles containing siRNA targeting the caveolin-1 (Cav-1) transcript caused a reduction of the Cav-1 transcript of up to 60%, depending on the mPEG length, specifically in lung tissue after 48 h compared to treatment with non-silencing siRNA.In addition, modification with mPEG reduced toxicity associated with intravenous administration. The ability to produce a high level of target gene knockdown in the lung with minimal toxicity demonstrates the potential of these lipopolyamines for use in developing RNAi the rapeutics for pulmonary disease.

Three highly fluorescent dilactone bridged terphenyls with crankshaft architectures have been synthesized.This general class of compounds is relatively unexplored. These compounds have been characterizedby fluorescence and UVevis spectroscopy. For all three compounds, a direct correlation between the rigidity of the terphenyl system and the strength of absorption and emission of light has been observed. Preliminary studies have indicated that compounds with this architecture have the potential to be useful as pH-driven molecular switches and/or sensors with instant fluorescence attenuation at high pH values.

2-(3-(Naphthalen-2-yl)propanamido)cyclohex-1-enecarboxylic acid and its 6-hydroxynaphthalen-2-ylanalogue are well-known hydroxyl-carboxylic acid (HCA) receptor HCA2 agonists. A series of novel aryl derivatives of 2-amidocyclohex-1-ene carboxylic acid that contained rigidity elements, such as an E-double bond, triple bond, and trans or cis-substituted cyclopropane rings, instead of the saturated ethane linker in the amide part of the molecules were designed and synthesized, and the derivatives’ potency for the activation of HCA1, HCA2, and HCA3 receptors by 30–50-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) assay were evaluated. The SAR studies revealed that the rigidifying of appropriate molecules enabledmodulation of the potency and selectivity of the HCA2 receptor activation.

Gyrase ATPase domain, the pharmaceutical underexploited segment of DNA gyrase, the sole Type II topoisomerase present in Mycobacterium tuberculosis represents an attractive target for anti-tubercular drug discovery. Here we report, the development of a novel series of MTB DNA gyraseB inhibitor identified through a medium throughput screening (MTS) of BITS in-house chemical library (3000 compounds). The MTS hit was further remodeled by chemical synthesis to identify the most potent analogue 27 exhibiting an in vitro gyrB inhibitory IC50 of 0.15 lM. The series also demonstrated well correlating gyrase super coiling activity and in vitro anti-mycobacterial potency against MTB H37Rv strain. Furthermore the compounds displayed good safety profile in their subsequent cytotoxicity and hERG toxicity evaluations, to be worked out from a pharmaceutical point of view as potential anti-tubercular agents.

The ethanolic extract of Aloe barbadensis Miller leaf skin showed inhibitory activity against phosphodiesterase-4D (PDE4D), which is a therapeutic target of inflammatory disease. Subsequent bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two new anthrones, 6′-Oacetyl- aloin B (9) and 6′-O-acetyl-aloin A (11), one new chromone, aloeresin K (8), together with thirteen known compounds. Their chemical structureswere elucidated by spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, 1D and 2DNMR, and HRMS. All of the isolateswere screened for their inhibitory activity against PDE4D using tritium-labeled adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (3H cAMP) as substrate. Compounds 13 and 14were identified as PDE4D inhibitors,with their IC50 values of 9.25 and 4.42μM, respectively. These achievements can provide evidences for the use of A. barbadensis leaf skin as functional feed additives for anti-inflammatory purpose.

Here we report the development of a class of structurally versatile cationic lipopolyamines designed specifically for delivery of siRNA which show high levels of target transcript knockdown in a range of cell types in vitro. A primary benefit of these lipids is the ease with which they may be covalently modified by the addition of functional molecules. For in vivo applications one of the core lipids (Staramine) was modified with methoxypolyethylene glycols (mPEGs) of varying lengths. Upon systemic administration, PEGylated Staramine nanoparticles containing siRNA targeting the caveolin-1 (Cav-1) transcript caused a reduction of the Cav-1 transcript of up to 60%, depending on the mPEG length, specifically in lung tissue after 48 h compared to treatment with non-silencing siRNA. In addition, modification with mPEG reduced toxicity associated with intravenous administration. The ability to produce a high level of target gene knockdown in the lung with minimal toxicity demonstrates the potential of these lipopolyamines for use in developing RNAi therapeutics for pulmonary disease.