化药新药研发检测

制备型LC是一种被广泛使用的纯化技术。在各行业中，高通量纯化均是最基本的需求。然而，高通量纯化时的大体积进样会导致峰型变宽。本文介绍了一款具备稀释进样功能、便于大体积进样的高通量制备型LC。

岛津Nexera? Prep制备型纯化LC系统可为包括初步方法开发阶段在内的全套制备工作流程提供支持和优化。本文对LH-40液体处理器及LabSolutions?控制软件的使用进行介绍，该系统可以简化条件的初步考查，规模放大至制备规模，优化制备参数，并能进行纯度检查。本文还阐述了如何扩展该系统进行大量样品的连续制备分离。

近年来，PROTAC 等靶向蛋白降解技术通过特异性降解致病蛋白的机制，为药物开发提供了具有前景的新策略。但事实上许多非蛋白生物分子在疾病中同样是重要的致病因素，例如脂滴 (Lipid droplets, LDs) 的异常积累就会导致肥胖、心血管疾病、脂肪肝和神经变性等疾病的发生。然而，脂类与蛋白不同，它不能被泛素化，无法被 PROTACs 这样的泛素化依赖技术直接降解，这也为开发 LD 等非蛋白分子的降解技术带来了极大的挑战。

本文总结了 Genevac 快速溶剂蒸发工作站在 Protac 小分子开发过程中多方面的应用，在药物合成，药物纯化，晶型筛选等过程都能展示独特优势。

同一药物的不同晶型往往具有不同的理化性质，也有可能具有不同的溶解度﹑溶解速率、生物利用度、化学物理稳定性，熔点﹑颜色、可滤性、密度和流动性。有些多晶型物由于形状或吸湿性而难于制成制剂。例如：针状结晶因其携带静电从而显得非常“粘”。药物多晶型现象及其质量控制的研究对保证药品生产储存过程中的稳定性和临床使用中的安全性、有效性均具有极重要的意义。

方案包括：原料筛选、配方研发、生产工艺、研发质控。利用赛默飞红外光谱、拉曼光谱、紫外可见光谱、X 射线衍射仪、连续生产（CM）与熔融挤出（ME）工艺等技术方案。

作者利用聚四氟乙烯制造过程中产生的无法利用的副产物CHF3作为起始物料，采用连续流能够直接合成二氟甲基氨基酸，该类化合物是磷酸吡哆醛脱羧酶的高度选择性和强效抑制剂。 该反应所需的原料便宜易得，产物通过简单的水解和沉淀能够得到良好的收率和纯度。 由于原子经济性、可持续性、试剂成本和试剂可用性是工业化参考的重要因素，因此，该工艺展现出良好的工业化应用前景。

方法开发是当今的药物分析实验室最耗时的工作之一。通常，条件筛选是第一步，然后是对已发现的最佳参数组合进行微调。本文介绍了采用安捷伦快速分离高通量色谱柱和Agilent 1200 系列快速分离液相色谱(RRLC) 系统加速整个分析过程的一种途径。本文论证了如何在一天半的时间内，对定量分析活性药物成分中非对映异构体和位置异构体杂质的分离条件进行筛选和方法微调，最终获得了一种耐用的方法。最终的分析方法不仅比类似的传统方法要快得多，而且可以节省大量的溶剂。

由于一系列具有生物活性的化合物中均含有 2-氟联苯结构单元，因此通过简单易得的起始原料采用有效的途径实现 2-氟联苯类化合物的合成是十分必要的。 麻省理工学院的 Stephen L. Buchwald 教授课题组报道了一种利用连续流技术合成 2-氟联苯化合物的方法。

药品的稳定性是指原料药及制剂保持其物理、化学、生物学和微生物学的性质，通过对原料药和制剂在不同条件（如温度、湿度、光线等）下稳定性的研究，掌握药品质量随时间变化的规律，为药品的生产、包装、贮存条件和有效期的确定提供依据，以确保临床用药的安全性和临床疗效。

b-受体阻滞剂或b-肾上腺素受体阻滞剂是一类用于治疗高血压与控制心律失常的药物。b-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂可通过阻断肾上腺素及其他应激激素与神经末端的b-受体的结合而减少这些激素的影响。礼来实验室在1958 年合成出了第一种b-受体阻滞剂，但直到 1962 年才开发出首批具有临床意义的b-受体阻滞剂心得安和萘心定，并将其用于治疗心绞痛。 b-受体阻滞剂可阻断肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素对尤其是b-肾上腺素受体的作用，而b-肾上腺素受体是调节“战斗或逃跑”反应的交感神经系统中的一部分。已知存在三种类型的b-受体，分别称为b1、b2 和b3 受体。b1-肾上腺素受体主要存在于心脏和肾脏中；b2-肾上腺素受体主要存在于肺、胃肠道、肝脏、子宫、血管平滑肌和骨骼肌中；b3-肾上腺素受体则存在于脂肪细胞中。 数量众多的b-受体阻滞剂根据其阻断b-受体的类型而分为不同种类，因此其作用也各不相同。心得安等非选择性b-受体阻滞剂能够阻断b1 和b2 受体，并对心脏、血管和呼吸道产生影响。美托洛尔等选择性b-受体阻滞剂主要阻断b1 受体，因此主要影响心脏而不影响呼吸道。而心得乐等某些b-受体阻滞剂则能够模拟肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素的作用，并可导致血压和心率的升高。 采用填充2.7 μm 或4 μm 颗粒的Agilent Poroshell HPH C18 色谱柱在高pH 流动相下分析诸如b-受体阻滞剂等碱性化合物是一种常规方法。这些色谱柱填充表面多孔颗粒，可在方法开发中探索更宽的pH 范围。填充此类颗粒的色谱柱凭借其高效和快速的特点得到了越来越多的应用。

由于多晶型现象既对于有效成分进入血液循环的速率有很大的影响，又会影响到药物的储存期，因此多晶型检测是非常重要的。PerkinElmer公司生产的功率补偿型DSC 8500既可以提供药物多晶型测试所需要的极高灵敏度，又可以提供非常卓越的分辨率。其的小炉体设计可以提供很快的响应时间，从而确保对热转变过程进行很好地检测和分辨。在本研究中，功率补偿型DSC可以揭示特定药物的多晶型性质，而高性能的热流型DSC 仪器无法检测到。

通过AIMsolution的范围扫描不仅可以显示峰高和面积，而且还可显示基于PCA、MCR等多变量分析结果的多种绘制图像。

The use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the pharmaceutical industry has grown rapidly in the past decade. The IMV-4000 Infrared Multichannel Viewer integrated with a NIR capable FT/IR- 4000 or FT/IR-6000 instrument enables NIR Imaging of pharmaceutical tablets, a valuable tool in the estimation of tablet properties, offering measurement data with high specificity and sensitivity. The obtained data can be exported into the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) software for the estimation of tablet characteristics. Instrument: FTIR-6200 with IMV-4000 CaF2 beam splitter, NIR source, etc

因为药物晶体具有很好的储存稳定性，药物公司在新药物配方中倾向采用结晶化合物。然而经常碰到的问题是药物存在多种结晶形式，即通常所说得多晶型。由于多晶型的每种晶型的物理性质、比如分散速率和生物活性有很大的不同，因此控制结晶的形势和含量显得十分重要。

各相温度和热量对预估结果的影响。在相同的条件下对比不同的温控温度，合适的温度控制比设置参数更重要，特比对于UHPLC方法来估计温度。。

UHPLC仪器，药品Stribild?，自动进样器线性，制药，HIV，泛型方法 要开发一个易于使用的方法四个主要的快速分离利用最新的UHPLC设备Stribild丸化合物和技术。该方法进一步优化考虑在这种相当的各种可能的杂质同时分析复杂的药物配方。

保留时间的精度只受液相泵的影响。保留时间的精度对于对比结果很重要。尽管如此，有了UHPLC有直接控制这些因素的方法

The development of monoclonal antibody (Mab) based drugs has undergone considerable growth since the release of the first Mab in the mid-eighties. Intuitive biophysical tools that examine and quantify interactions and conformational dynamics are important in demonstrating and understanding local and global conformational changes. The structure of antibodies as well as other macromolecules is related to its function and efficacy therefore control over these parameters is essential. The association of antigens to antibodies or of antibodies to delivery assemblies such as liposomes or gold nanoparticles can be addressed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) while the folding of antibodies can be assayed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Both techniques offer the advantage of using native solutions and both instruments are offered by TA Instruments.

Previously it has been shown that glycerol can be regioselectively glucosylated by sucrose phosphorylase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides to form 2-O--d-glucopyranosyl glycerol.A series of compounds related to glycerol were investigated by us to determine the scope of the -glucosylation reaction of sucrose phosphorylase. Both sucrose and glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) were applied as glucosyl donor. Mono-alcohols were not accepted as substrates but several 1,2-diols were readily glucosylated, proving that the vicinal diol unit is crucial for activity. The smallest substrate that was accepted for glucosylation appeared to be ethylene glycol,which was converted to the monoglucoside for 69%. Using high acceptor and donor concentrations (up to 2.5 M), sucrose or G1P hydrolysis (with H2O being the ‘acceptor’) can be minimised. In the study cited above, a preference for glucosylation of glycerol on the 2-position has been observed. For 1,2-propanediol however, the regiochemistry appeared to be dependent on the configuration of the substrate. The (R)-enantiomer was preferentialy glucosylated on its 1-position (ratio 2.5:1), whereas the 2-glucoside is the major product for (S)-1,2-propanediol (1:4.1). d.e.ps of 71–83% were observed with a preference for the (S)-enantiomer of the glucosides of 1,2-propanediol and 1,2-butanediol and the (R)-enantiomer of the glucoside of 3-methoxy-1,2-propanediol. This is the first example of stereoselective glucosylation of a non-natural substrate by sucrose phosphorylase. 3-Amino-1,2-propanediol, 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, 1-thioglycerol and glyceraldehyde were not accepted as substrates.

A biomimetic approach has been investigated and developed for the total synthesis of azonazine, an unusual marine natural cyclopeptide containing a rigid transannular 10-membered ring. A hypervalent iodine-mediated direct oxidative cyclization was successfully developed and applied to construct the highly strained core, which was the key step in the first total synthesis of ent-(
)-azonazine. Based on the physical evidences of synthesized diastereomer and enantiomer of azonazine, both the relative and absolute configurations of the natural product were revised. Two fluorinated azonazine derivatives were also synthesized in short convenient steps utilizing the same intermediate in this work. The established total synthesis opens a potential opportunity to study the structureeactivity relationship of natural azonazine.

A group of novel taxoids, with modifications at C-7, C-10, C-30 and C-14 positions of paclitaxel, was synthesized in order to improve their biological profile by decreasing their affinity with P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and increasing cellular permeability. Most of the new taxoids demonstrated the similar potent cytotoxic activities in MCF-7 human tumor cell line as paclitaxel in vitro. In the permeability assay with monolayers of Caco-2 cells, most of the compounds demonstrated an increased trans-cellular transport in Ato- B direction in comparison with paclitaxel. Among them the compounds T-13, T-15 and T-26 showed the highest permeability, and with efflux ratios better than that of ortataxel. The interaction of the compounds T-13 and T-26 with P-gp was evaluated using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK)-multidrug resistance-1(MDR1) and MDCK-wild-type (WT). The results indicated that T-13 and T-26 were poor substrates for P-gp and possessed inhibiting effects of P-gp mediated efflux. It was thus clear that simultaneous modifications at the C-7, C-10 and C-30 positions of paclitaxel significantly impaired its interactions with P-gp and interfered with P-gp mediated efflux.

We report herein a method that allows for the formation of a CeN bond between the Ce3 carbon of alactams and the nitrogen atom of indoles. A general procedure for the coupling of indoles and a-lactams in only 25 min with high yield is reported. The scope of the reactionwas extended by the development of a method for the in situ generation of less stable phenyl-substituted a-lactams. The developed method provides an atom-economical method for the formation of substituted a-amino amides that are found in a variety of biologically-active compounds.

Novel benzofuran-2-carboxamide ligands, which are selective for sigma receptors, have been synthesized via a microwave-assisted Perkin rearrangement reaction and a modified Finkelstein halogen-exchange used to facilitate Nalkylation. The ligands synthesized are the 3-methyl-N-phenyl-N-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)benzofuran-2-carboxamides (KSCM-1, KSCM-5 and KSCM-11). The benzofuran-2-carboxamide structure was N-arylated and N-alkylated to include both N-phenyl and N-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl substituents, respectively. These new carboxamides exhibit high affinity at the sigma-1 receptor with Ki values ranging from 7.8 to 34 nM. Ligand KSCM-1 with two methoxy substituents at C-5 and C-6 of the benzofuran ring, and Ki = 27.5 nM at sigma-1 was found to be more selective for sigma-1 over sigma-2.

The impact of a-trifluoromethanesulfonyl groups on the chemistry of various carbonyl groups is reported. Allylic a,a-dialkylated-a-trifluoromethanesulfonyl esters readily underwent decarboxylative allylation. a Trifluoromethylsulfonyl esters, ketones, and amides were all methylated in the presence of trimethylsilyldiazomethane. Esters afforded a mixture of O- and C-methylation; however, ketones and amides offered exclusively O-methylation, with varying degrees of E/Z selectivity, thus affording ambiphilic alkenes. a-Trifluoromethanesulfonyl ketones also exhibited keto-enol tautomerism.

Exploitation of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway offers the promise of new and effective therapies for a wide variety of diseases. Clinical development of new drugs based on this platform technology is still limited, however, by a lack of safe and efficient delivery systems. Here we report the development of a class of structurally versatile cationic lipopolyamines designed specifically for delivery of siRNA which show high levels of target transcript knockdown in a range of cell types in vitro. A primary benefit of these lipids is the ease with which they may be covalently modified by the addition of functional molecules. For in vivo applications one of the core lipids (Staramine) was modified with methoxypolyethylene glycols (mPEGs) of varying lengths. Upon systemic administration, PEGylated Staramine nanoparticles containing siRNA targeting the caveolin-1 (Cav-1) transcript caused a reduction of the Cav-1 transcript of up to 60%, depending on the mPEG length, specifically in lung tissue after 48 h compared to treatment with non-silencing siRNA.In addition, modification with mPEG reduced toxicity associated with intravenous administration. The ability to produce a high level of target gene knockdown in the lung with minimal toxicity demonstrates the potential of these lipopolyamines for use in developing RNAi the rapeutics for pulmonary disease.

Three highly fluorescent dilactone bridged terphenyls with crankshaft architectures have been synthesized.This general class of compounds is relatively unexplored. These compounds have been characterizedby fluorescence and UVevis spectroscopy. For all three compounds, a direct correlation between the rigidity of the terphenyl system and the strength of absorption and emission of light has been observed. Preliminary studies have indicated that compounds with this architecture have the potential to be useful as pH-driven molecular switches and/or sensors with instant fluorescence attenuation at high pH values.

2-(3-(Naphthalen-2-yl)propanamido)cyclohex-1-enecarboxylic acid and its 6-hydroxynaphthalen-2-ylanalogue are well-known hydroxyl-carboxylic acid (HCA) receptor HCA2 agonists. A series of novel aryl derivatives of 2-amidocyclohex-1-ene carboxylic acid that contained rigidity elements, such as an E-double bond, triple bond, and trans or cis-substituted cyclopropane rings, instead of the saturated ethane linker in the amide part of the molecules were designed and synthesized, and the derivatives’ potency for the activation of HCA1, HCA2, and HCA3 receptors by 30–50-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) assay were evaluated. The SAR studies revealed that the rigidifying of appropriate molecules enabledmodulation of the potency and selectivity of the HCA2 receptor activation.

Novel C-aryl glucoside SGLT2 inhibitors containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole moieties were designed and synthesized. Among the compounds tested, biaryl-type compounds containing pyrazine 59, 2-furan 61, and 3-thiophene 71 showed the best in vitro inhibitory activities to date (IC50 = 3.51–7.03 nM) against SGLT2. A selected compound 61, demonstrated reasonable blood glucose-lowering effects, indicating that the information obtained from the SAR studies in this 1,3,4-thiadiazolylmethylphenyl glucoside series might help to design more active SGLT2 inhibitors that are structurally related.

A series of Arg-Phe-NH2 peptidomimetics containing an Arg mimetic were synthesized and tested as agonists of human MrgX1, rat MrgC, and mouse MrgC11 receptors. As predicted from the previously established species specificity, these peptidomimetics were found to be devoid of MrgX1 agonist activity. In contrast, these compounds acted as agonists of MrgC and/or MrgC11 with varying degrees of potency. These new peptidomimetics should complement the existing small molecule human MrgX1 agonists and enhance our ability to assess the therapeutic utility of targeting Mrg receptors in rodent models.