汽车电子电器检测

适用于专业人员的QC检测和非专业人员的现场快速检测，无须特殊实验条件，在中国的加油站、汽车生产厂、终端用户技术部、质量部、防冻液、车用尿素溶液经销商快速检测尿素浓度产品部分指标的一种工具。 目前，在中国加油站可以非常方便地帮助汽车厂家、公交公司、大型车队等终端用户检测车用尿素溶液产品的浓度及折光率是否合格.

Growing environmental concerns, such as global warming due to the emission of the greenhouse gas CO2 by automotive power plants, lead to the need for cleaner and fuel saving combustion systems. Direct injection combustion systems applied to the spark ignited engine might be a way to improve the efficiency particularly by reducing pumping and heat losses during part load while maintaining the advantages of high power density and engine speeds during high loads [Zhao, Lai et al., 1999]. Initially, wall guided combustion systems were pursued, but high hydrocarbon and soot emissions led to the investigation of spray guided systems. Here a higher degree of stratification is possible, which yields improved emissions [Drake, Fansler et al., 2004; Honda, Kawamoto et al., 2004]. Nonetheless, due to high oxygen availability and locally rich mixture, the nitric oxide formation is comparably high. This is detrimental as the widely employed exhaust aftertreatment by a three way catalytic converter is inefficient for overall lean mixtures. NO storage catalytic converters are widely employed, but require rich exhaust gas to reduce the stored NO. This is generated by operating the engine homogeneous-rich for a brief period of time, which of course comes with a fuel consumption penalty [Tamura, Kikuchi et al., 2001; Krebs, Pott et al., 2002]. A reduction of in-cylinder nitric oxide is desirable to minimize the number of regeneration cycles. Hence the understanding of in-cylinder NO formation is important, so that the necessary scientific background for improvement of the combustion system is provided. An assessment of the NO formation process inside the engine exclusively by drawing conclusions from engine out emissions is difficult, because of the highly inhomogeneous nature of the stratified charge combustion process. Also, due to high cyclic variability cycle resolved measurements are desirable, which conventional emissions analyzers are not capable of.

伯东公司协助国内著名激光焊接供应商-深圳某激光焊接公司有针对性的研发出锂电池外壳氦质谱检漏系统，得到锂电池制造商的认可和好评，伯东公司代理的德国普发 pfeiffer 最新型氦质谱检漏仪 ASM 340 因其优秀的性能被应用在氦质谱检漏系统里面。如果锂电池里面的电解液因为外壳的不密封性而泄露出来不仅对环境和人员造成严重的危害，同时影响设备使用寿命，所以锂电池在出厂之前必须经过严格的检漏工序。

伯东公司氦质谱检漏仪成功应用在此行业:汽车空调蒸发器是汽车空调制冷系统中极其重要的一个部件，一旦发生泄漏，最直接的后果就是汽车空调不制冷，进而造成对环境的污染，人力、物力和财力的浪费，增加生产运营成本，因此空调蒸发器在生产、检修、保养中的检漏就变得极其重要。

In-cylinder PIV measurements have been made during the latter half of the intake stroke on a plane between the inlet valves for a single cylinder optical engine operating at engine speeds of 750, 2000 and 3500 rpm. Mean vector fields for an area of 42 mm by 34 mm have been produced with vectors at approximately 1 mm resolution. The vector fields show the development of the flow field in 1.6°, 2.4° and 3.2° steps for the three respective engine speeds. Tumble ratios have been calculated from these vector fields which show that a change in the flow regime occurs between 2000 and 3500 rpm. This is caused by one of rotating vortices becoming detached from the descending piston at the highest engine speed.

WLICyl是用于气缸和缸套的非接触3D表面轮廓和结构测量仪，既可用于实验室研发也可用于生产检测环节。 WLICyl最大特点是设计紧凑，坚固耐用，有着很高的横向和垂直分辨率。设备简单易用，无需维护，配置由专业工程师开发的人性化软件。使用合适的安装板放置在缸体上，便于定中心和重复定位。 测量头由精密电机驱动，可实现轴向旋转和横向移动，能够精确测量气缸内的任意位置。可使用操纵杆手动定位传感器，也可使用软件进行自动控制。此外，测量头末端还附带一个小型照相机，可观测约5 mm2的区域。可使用它寻找表面的特殊结构和缺陷，随后进行测量。使用WLICyl可在短时间内对发动机气缸表面粗糙度参数、涂层缺陷和特定参数进行高精度定量测量。使用选配的分析软件可测量珩磨沟槽和气孔的体积、金属撕裂和折叠、扩张脊、大理石花纹、粗糙度以及更多的细节。分析软件还可将数据文件分解成气孔图像、珩磨沟槽图像、金属撕裂和折叠图像等等。

随着客户对汽车的需求越来越大，如何保证产品质量，也是各厂家对扩大市场业务规模的重要保证。产品质量及研发部门通常会涉及到体式显微镜及金相显微镜，但无论哪一款显微镜都无法做到大景深及高分辨率的结合。这在实际应用中，如果发生问题，使用电子显微镜分析，可能会造成短暂的停工。

Development of Optical Diagnostic Techniques to Correlate Mixing and Auto-Ignition Processes in High Pressure Diesel Jets — A tracer laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique for the visualization of fuel distribution in the presence of oxygen was developed and then used sequentially with high speed chemiluminescence imaging to study the correlation between the mixing and auto-ignition processes of high pressure Diesel jets. A single hole common rail Diesel injector allowing high injection pressures up to 150 MPa was used. The reacting fuel spray was observed in a high pressure, high temperature cell that reproduces the thermodynamic conditions which exist in the combustion chamber of a Diesel engine during injection. Both free jet and flat wall impinging jet configurations were studied. Several tracers were first considered with the objective of developing a tracer-LIF technique in the presence of oxygen. 5-nonanone was selected for its higher fluorescence efficiency. This technique was subsequently combined with high speed chemiluminescence imaging to study the correlation between mixing and auto-ignition. In the free jet configuration and for the parameter range studied, it was found that auto-ignition is preferentially located in rich regions of the upstream mixing zone. Also, in the jet wall configuration, auto-ignition appears in the centre of the jet and propagates towards the periphery, in the vicinity of the wall.

This paper reports on the experimental investigation of the flame lift-off length for five different orifice diameters (.0.100, .0.130, .0.160, .0.190, and .0.227 mm) of a diesel injector nozzle. The flame lift-off was determined from the measurement of 308 nm OH chemiluminescence for different fuel injection pressures using commercial diesel fuel and a Common Rail fuel injection equipment of passenger car size. The fuel injection pressures were 450, 900, and 1350 bar. The experiments were conducted at air pressures of 30, 50, 70, and 90 bar and at an air temperature of 750 K in a constant pressure spray chamber. It was observed that the flame lift-off length increases with increased injection pressure and increased orifice diameter.

发动机缸体缸盖是一种负荷重而结构复杂的重要机件。需要具有足够的强度、刚性和良好的耐热性。发动机缸体缸盖构成燃烧室，经常与高温高压燃气相接触，因此承受很大的热负荷和机械负荷。并做为凸轮轴和摇臂轴还有进排气管的支撑. 轶诺NEMISIS9600布洛维硬度计NEMESIS 9600机架能容纳650mm（H) X395mm（D）的超大试件尺寸。不论特定工件的形状如何，INNOVATEST®提供的附件和相应的软件使几乎任何800KG以上的组件和部件的测试都成为可能。

In 1897 Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913) demonstrated a new type of internal combustion (i.c.) engine in which the high compression pressure of about 35 times the atmospheric pressure led to a sufficiently high temperature to cause the auto-ignition of kerosine. Ever since diesel engines remained popular owing to their relatively high efficiencies and their ability to combust a large variety of fuels predominantly containing heavier crude oil components (i.e., longer aliphatic hydrocarbon chains). The original engines were 4-stroke engines in which one complete engine cycle takes two revolutions of the crank shaft. The latter transforms the translational energy of the piston in the cylinder into more convenient rotational energy with respect to vehicle propulsion. As schematically depicted in figure 1.1, in the first stroke the piston moves downwards in the cylinder and ambient air is taken in above the piston (inlet stroke). In the second stroke the inlet valve is closed and the piston moves upwards compressing the intake air (compression stroke). Just before the piston reaches its Top Dead Centre (TDC) fuel is sprayed in the combustion chamber and combustion takes place driving the piston downwards again in the third stroke (expansion stroke). Finally, the exhaust valve opens and the piston moves upwards again in the fourth stroke (exhaust stroke) pushing the combustion gases out of the cylinder. In later years 2- stroke diesel engines were developed in which, by using the space of the crank case below the piston as well, the work usually done in four strokes is now performed by one revolution of the crank shaft. Around 1940 the first turbo-charging diesel engines were developed in which the energy contained in the exhaust gases is used to compress the intake air in order to boost the power of the engines.

This study presents planar laser induced fluorescence data recorded within an optically accessible spray-guided direct-injection spark-ignition internal combustion engine at a repetition rate of 6 kHz. The data is calibrated to estimate the local distribution of the equivalence ratio within the combustion chamber from 50-10. BTDC. A standard reference fuel was used as a tracer. Cyclic fluctuations of the transient and spatial fuel distributions are presented.

The present work describes a new method which allows the spatially resolved quantitative determination of gaseous hydrocarbon densities in droplet laden flows. The technique is especially dedicated to a quantitative and linearly spatially resolved measurement of air/fuel ratio (λ-value) in direct injection Otto engines under stratified operation and by use of regular gasoline (Euro Super). The new method is based on spontaneous Raman scattering. It is applied to the investigation of the air/fuel ratio distribution inside and in the close surroundings of the spray cone of different DI-fuel injectors under stratified and homogeneous engine operation conditions. Both crank angle resolved snap shot and cyclical averaged measurements are presented. Simultaneously the planar gasoline distribution is detected by LIF of aromatic hydrocarbons which are native constituents of regular gasoline. It is shown, that the linear spatially resolved air/fuel distributions measured by means of LIF correlate well with the Raman data.

文章中使用了Pyris™ 1 TGA及PKI IR进行了相关分析实验，结果良好，方法可靠。

This paper deals with the experimental investigations of the in-cylinder tumble flows in an unfired internal combustion engine with a flat piston at the engine speeds ranging from 400 to 1000 rev/min., and also with the dome and dome-cavity pistons at an engine speed of 1000 rev/min., using particle image velocimetry. From the two-dimensional in-cylinder flow measurements, tumble flow analysis is carried out in the combustion space on a vertical plane passing through cylinder axis. To analyze the tumble flows, ensemble average velocity vectors are used and to characterize it, tumble ratio is estimated. From the results, generally, we have found that tumble ratio varies mainly with crank angle position. Also, at the end of compression stroke, average turbulent kinetic energy is more at higher engine speeds. We have also found that, at 330 crank angle position, flat piston shows an improvement of about 85 and 23% in tumble ratio, and about 24 and 2.5% in average turbulent kinetic energy compared to dome and dome-cavity pistons respectively.

For dense sprays such as those encountered in diesel or gasoline direct injection, the interpretation of spray images is complicated by the fact that most of the light reaches the detectors after multiple scattering events within the spray. This may introduce severe errors when extracting quantitative or even qualitative information from these images as many diagnostics rely on the assumption of single photon scattering. It has recently been shown that the multiple scattering component of spray images can be effectively suppressed if sets of structured light sheets are used to illuminate the spray. The aim of this report is to illustrate the potential and the limitations of this technique for the visualization of sprays from modern diesel and gasoline injectors at elevated atmospheric pressures. The results clearly show that conventionally recorded images are dominated by multiple scattering, causing the light sheet to widen substantially and obscuring details within the light sheet plane. In contrast, multiple scattering and indirect reflections can be suppressed using structured light sheets and proper image processing. Careful interpretation of the corresponding images reveals details of the inner spray structure and thus contributes to the understanding of the complicated spray break-up and atomization processes.

通过IM-SEM-MFM（离子研磨-电镜-磁力显微镜）的联用对热加工Nd-Fe-B永磁铁的结晶／晶向的同一视野纳米结构-成分-物理性质进行观察和评价。

目前，国内电力变压器的纸质绝缘材料主要以木材纸浆为原料，主要成分是纤维素，当 绝缘纸劣化时,纤维素降解生成一部分 D-葡萄糖单体，D-葡萄糖单体在变压器运行条件下易 分解，最后产生一系列溶解在变压器油中的氧杂环化合物，糠醛是纤维素大分子降解后形成 的一种主要氧杂环化合物。 合格的新变压器油不含糠醛，变压器内部非纤维素绝缘材料老化也不产生糠醛，变压器 油中的糠醛是唯有纸绝缘老化才生成的产物。因此，测试油中糠醛含量，可以反映变压器纸 绝缘的老化情况。 依利特公司，参考电力行业相关标准和文献资料对实验条件进行了摸索、优化，提出了 变压器油中糠醛检测解决方案。

采用LaVision公司特色的以DaVis软件平台和高速相机为基础构成的喷雾高速成像诊断测量系统（SprayMaster）对喷雾导引火花塞引燃直接喷射发动机（SGSIDI）内部燃料混合，注入等过程进行了测试和研究。

电缆样品的外护套包含5个同心圆圈层，依次为：橡胶、织物、橡胶、织物、橡胶。构成外护套的高分子材料中填充了大量的炭黑，因此难以直接用红外光谱对这些材料进行识别。所以，我们决定使用热重-红外光谱（TG-IR）联用技术，通过材料的分解产物对其进行识别。通过这种方法，可以完全避免炭黑的存在对测试结果造成的干扰。

采用LaVision公司特色的以DaVis软件平台为基础构成汽车发动机时间分辨多参两成像测试系统，研究了确定火花辅助压缩点火过程中燃烧可变性原因所需要的实验度量指标。

在国六大背景之下，曲轴箱通风油雾的在线测量对于汽车最终的排放有重要影响，曲轴箱中油雾废气主要以气溶胶形式存在，这些油雾废气不仅影响发动机的寿命，而且还污染了进气，从而增加了汽车污染物排放。

采用LaVision公司特色的以图像增强器为核心部件构成的平面激光诱导荧光（PLIF）测试系统对发动机内的氢燃料直接注入过程进行了测量并和计算流体力学（CFD）分析结果进行了对比分析。

采用LaVision公司的高速相机和多参量数据采集和分析处理软件平台DaVis，对柴油JP-8喷雾的性能进行了测量分析。获得了喷雾的米氏散射和纹影成像数据。

汽车导航不比普通的手机，需要极其严格的测试才能应付各种突发的情况！包括有：高低温测试、震动测试、盐雾测试等。只有经过了重重的考验才能称得上是一款稳定的没有瑕疵的导航。

制动片，也叫刹车片，在汽车的制动系统中，制动片是最关键的安全零件，所有刹车效果的好坏都是制动片起着决定性的作用。两个制动片位于卡钳和转子之间。当踩下制动踏板以停止车辆时，制动衬块挤压制动转子，从而将压力和摩擦施加到转子上。其结果是通过摩擦将转子的动能转化为热能。制动片的导热特性对于保持制动系统的最大性能是重要的。快速导热仪可以对刹车片的导热系数进行质量控制。快速导热系数仪具有优异的操作性，并且可以容易且快速地测量。仅需将将传感器置于温度均匀的样品表面，测量时间仅需60秒。

采用LaVision公司特色的以DaVis软件平台为基础构成的粒子成像测速（PIV）系统对直接喷射火花塞引燃（DISI）引擎进气道产生的流动不稳定性进行了测试和研究。

自动驾驶是目前汽车工业为前沿和火热的研究，而自动驾驶尤为重要的是需要可靠和高分辨率的距离测量雷达。德国弗劳恩霍夫高频物理和雷达技术研究所（Wachtberg，D）Nils Pohl教授和波鸿鲁尔大学（Bochum，D）的研究小组提出了一种全集成硅锗基调频连续波雷达传感器（FMCW），工作频率为224 GHz，调谐频率为52 GHz。通过使用德国attocube公司的皮米精度激光干涉仪FPS1010（新版本为IDS3010）证明了测量系统在-3.9μm至+2.8μm之间达到了-0.5-0.4μm的超高精度。这种全新的高精度雷达传感器将会应用于许多全新的汽车自动驾驶领域。

采用LaVision公司特色的以图像增强器为核心部件构成的平面激光诱导荧光（PLIF）测试系统对均质混合进气压缩燃烧（HCCI）发动机中燃烧过程进行了测量并从理论上尝试用统计模型给予定量描述。

液体的导热系数准确测量，一直以来是导热系数 研究领域内的重点研究问题。目前国际上公认的测量液体导热系数好的方法为瞬态热线法，因为测量时间可以控制在1秒~2秒甚至更低，可以有效的避免自然对流的影响。