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The flow of an air curtain mounted above a doorway in which was placed a mannequin was studied using stereo particle image velocimetry. The study revealed that the interference of the air curtain flow was limited to a region near the doorway. The air curtain flow stagnates around the top surfaces of the mannequin. A high level of turbulence also existed in this region. The turbulence diminished rapidly past the mannequin and increased in a thin region near the floor as the flow entered the floor vents

Polyolefins are polymers produced from olefins such as ethylene and/or propylene. Although polyolefins can be produced via different production methods, the gas-phase polymerization process based on fluidized bed reactor technology is the most important method for the production of polyethylene since the 1980’s and also polypropylene is increasingly produced via the gas-phase polymerization process. Although fluidized bed reactors have been employed for several decades in the chemical industry, quantitative information on solids motion and macroscopic circulation patterns is still incomplete.

Numerical simulations of particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments con- ducted with vortex generating jets (VGJs) on a °at plate, at a Reynolds number based on plate length of 50,000, were performed for three °ow conditions using a time-accurate hybrid Navier-Stokes solver. Time-averaged steady blowing of angled jets, subjected to a zero pressure gradient, yielded excellent agreement with the PIV data in terms of vortex formation and strength. Observed °ow features include pri- mary and secondary vortices, where the primary vortex eventually dominates the downstream region. A shell wall structure, created by smaller vortical structures sur- rounding the developing vortices, was also observed. A pulsed jet in a zero pressure gradient was then initialized from a no-control case. A qualitative comparison be- tween averaged experimental and instantaneous numerical results was performed with good agreement in terms of the convected size and distance of the wake. Analysis of the instantaneous numerical °ow ¯eld agreed well with various °ow visualization experiments describing the formation of \kidney" vortices. Various indicators point to the production of a primary vortex by the reduced mass °ow of the pulsed jet. Finally, an adverse pressure gradient was applied, inducing a laminar separation zone on the plate. A pulsed angled jet induced strong spanwise vortices in the separated shear layer which appear to weaken the separation zone and allow the bulk jet °uid to °ush the remaining low-momentum °uid out of the domain. It is reasonable to assume that reduced blowing ratios and duty cycles would produce similar shear layer vortices and comparable loss reductions. In°uences of both turbulent transition and dominant vortical structures were observed, though the spanwise shear layer vortices appear to be critical to the laminar separation reduction scenarios observed in this study.

This is an experimental study to evaluate the development of the boundary layer thickness, δ, and momentum thickness, θ, along long thin flexible cylinders (L/a=1.5*105 and 3.0*105 where δ/a>>1, a=radius). The experiments use conventional test methods in conjunction with Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) measurement techniques to evaluate the flow in the boundary region of a small diameter flexible cylinder towed in the high speed towing basin at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division (NSWCCD). The flexible cylinders are approximately neutrally buoyant and have an initial length of 152 m and radii of 0.45 mm and 1.25 mm. The first objective for this experiment is to evaluate the streamwise development of wall shear stress (τw) and momentum thickness (θ) in axisymmetric turbulent boundary layers using drag measurements at 3.1, 5.2, 9.3 and 14.4 m/s for comparison to existing data. The second and primary objective for this experiment is to determine the streamwise development of the axisymmetric boundary layer flow and to evaluate relevant boundary layer parameters at 3.8, 7.7, 12.9 and 15.4 m/sec using SPIV images acquired over the entire length of the cylinders. Drag measurements reveal that the wall shear stress is large and that the momentum thickness grows slowly when compared to flat plate boundary layers. The velocity field data shows that the boundary flow remains turbulent over the entire length of the flexible cylinder and that the turbulent profile is different from that of flat plate boundary layers.

The wake of a circular cylinder at Re = 2700 is investigated by means of Tomographic PIV (Tomo-PIV), a recently developed three-dimensional velocimetry technique. The paper presents the principles of Tomo-PIV and discusses in details the implementation of the technique to the experimental conditions. With a measurement volume of approximately 40x40x10 mm2 two configurations are chosen in order to describe both the 2D wake features and the span wise organization of secondary rollers dominating the 3D flow organization. The present data allow to directly evaluate the measurement error imposing mass conservation inside the volume (viz. solenoidal velocity field). The visualization of the wake instantaneous structure is obtained by means of vorticity vector magnitude iso-surfaces, or decomposing the vorticity in the span wise and stream-wise(normal)/bi-normal component, which return the separate contribution of the Kármán rollers and the interconnecting structures between them respectively. The properties of the secondary rollers are given in terms of span wise wavelength, peak vorticity, vorticity stretching and their size and shape. A value of the span wise wavelength λ z/D = 1.2 is recurring and the rollers organization into pairs is found to be similar to the instability Mode B occurring in lower Reynolds number wakes investigated with previous studies.

The results of flow experiments performed in a cylinder array designed to mimica Next Generation Nuclear Plant lower plenum design are presented. Pressure drop and velocity field measurements are made. Based on these measurements, five regimes of behavior are identified that are found to depend on Reynolds number. It is found that the recirculation region behind the cylinders is shorter than that of half cylinders placed on the wall representing the symmetry plane.

Vortex generator jets (VGJs) have been found to be an effective method of active separation control on the suction side of a low pressure turbine (LPT) blade at low Reynolds numbers. The flow mechanisms responsible for this control were studied and documented in order to provide a basis for future improvements in LPT design. Data were collected using a stereo PIV system that enabled all three components of velocity to be measured.

The idea of manipulating flow to change its characteristics is over a century old. Manipulating instabilities of a jet to increase its mixing and to reduce its radiated noise started in the 1970s. While the effort has been successful in low-speed and low Reynolds number jets, available actuators’ capabilities in terms of their amplitude, bandwidth, and phasing have fallen short in control of high-speed and high Reynolds number jets of practical interest. Localized arc filament plasma actuators have recently been developed and extensively used at Gas Dynamics and Turbulence Laboratory (GDTL) for control of highspeed and high Reynolds number jets. While the technique has been quite successful and is very promising, all the work up to this point had been carried out using small high subsonic and low supersonic jets from a 2.54 cm diameter nozzle exit with a Reynolds number of about a million. The preliminary work reported in this paper is a first attempt to evaluate the scalability of the technique.

PIV技术是测量研究高温喷射流体的有效方法。PIV技术需要示踪粒子。许多常规生成粒子的方法对高温喷射流体并不适用。本文介绍了制备和播撒均匀的亚微米粒子技术途径。

利用最新的厚片光层析PIV原理，测量立体空间中全部的三维速度梯度张量。这对湍流研究是非常重要的。这里的层析PIV使用了三相机成像系统。

给出了蝙蝠飞行的实验测量结果。包括直线和回转飞行时的运动特性高帧频记录，以及蝙蝠飞行方向后部尾流漩涡的测量。

T1000测温仪就是采用四线制铂电阻进行测温，测温精度高（0.01℃），稳定性好（3mk），配合B系列温度标准槽（温度波动度0.01℃）及标准铂电阻，可对工业级的热电阻、热电偶及热敏电阻等进行计量，已在多家温度计生产厂家使用。

超声波是一种频率高于20000赫兹的声波，它的方向性好，穿透能力强，易于获得较集中的声能，在水中传播距离远，可用于测距、测速、清洗、焊接、碎石、杀菌消毒等。在医学、军事、工业、农业上有很多的应用。

光源部分： （1）故障：钨灯不亮； 原因：钨灯灯丝烧断（此种原因几率最高）； 检查：钨灯两端有工作电压，但灯不亮；取下钨灯用万用表电阻档检测。处置：更换新钨灯； （2）故障：钨灯不亮； 原因：没有点灯电压； 检查：保险丝被熔断；

加热量及制冷量损耗率(n)，计算单位% 与传热介质接触物另一界面相接触的空气、设备其他部分的传热也应该考虑进去，因这一部分无法计算，只能估计，可视为冷热量损耗。即使传热介质接触物的保温措施做得很好，损耗也不可能避免，只能降低损耗率。

本文主要针对超低导热系数和大热阻样品材料，如各种真空绝热板、多层防辐射屏隔热材料和大厚度多层复合隔热材料等，同时考虑单样品和双样品两种测量模式，设计计算了防护热板法装置对温度不平衡传感器的灵敏度要求，并最终给出设计指标和相应的技术改进。

为了彻底深入了解防护热板法导热系数测试过程中国际标准方法ISO 8302和A-S-T-M C177对热稳定测试间隔时间的界定，本文从热时间常数的定义着手，进行了详细的推导，揭示出热时间常数的物理意义以及防护热板法热稳定性判断的整个详细过程，通过此详细过程的结果指出国际标准ISO 8302和国家标准中存GB/T 10294在的错误，并对国际标准中的热时间常数经验公式进行了修正，最后采用MapleSim仿真模拟计算结果验证了修正公式的正确性。

防护热板法是低导热材料导热系数测试的经典方法，尽管防护热板法测量精度高，但相应的测试时间长，被测样品的热面温度很难准确控制在设定点温度上，不利于材料导热系数重复性测量结果在相同温差下进行对比，更无法满足大批量隔热材料快速测量的需求。为解决这些问题，上海依阳实业有限公司对防护热板法计量加热器的自动化控制技术进行了研究。本文主要介绍了研究的技术路线，采用MapleSim 软件模块化的动态数值模拟计算验证了技术路线的可行性，通过动态模拟计算结果可以直观的看到测试时间大幅度的缩短，同时本文还通过模拟计算结果介绍了在大热阻材料防护热板法测试中较低的加热功率会使得漏热现象更加明显，需要大幅度提高温差探测的灵敏度。

液相色谱系统的许多问题都能在谱图上反映出来。其中有一些问题可以通过改变设备参数得到解决；而其他的问题必须通过修改操作程序来解决。对于色谱柱和流动相的正确选择是得到好的色谱图的关键。

激光粒度仪现在已经实现的准确性，在几年前是不可想象的。市面上最新版本的粒度仪，比起它的前身，拥有较小的偏差、更快的运作以及测量的准确性等优点。与以往的机型相比，“analysette 22”采用的图形软件加上多任务操作系统以及强大功能的计算机，使其拥有更高的可靠性和重现性。

琛航公司用SofTA（美国索福达）蒸发光散射检测器检测 大豆磷脂的测试报告 一、实验条件 Cometro（美国康诺）高效液相色谱梯度系统； SofTA（美国索福达）Model 300S 蒸发光散射检测器，DT=70℃，SC=30℃； Cometro（美国康诺）6000 LDI Pump； Scienhome（天津琛航）Kromasil Sil 250*4.6mm色谱柱 流动相：流动相A：甲醇-水-冰醋酸-三乙胺=85:15:0.45:0.05 流动相B：正己烷-异丙醇-流动相A=20:48:32； 梯度洗脱 时间（min） 流动相A（%） 流动相B（%） 0 10 90 20 30 70 35 95 5 36 10 90 41 10 90 流速：1ml/min； 样品：三氯甲烷-甲醇（2:1）溶解； 进样量：10ul。 二、实验结果 样品： Channel A Results Retention Time Area Area Percent Height Height Percent 2.835 3131354 6.874 292272 13.896 3.056 1875580 4.118 169116 8.041 4.183 12199449 26.782 976057 46.408 5.756 213382 0.468 11140 0.530 22.117 27849358 61.140 647392 30.781 31.248 281299 0.618 7234 0.344 空白溶剂 空白梯度 三、结果与讨论 1. 由空白梯度显示，基线噪音小于0.5mV，漂移小于2mV/小时。 2. 由空白溶剂显示，3min处有一溶剂峰。 3. 由样品谱图显示，样品中主成分保留时间应为22.117min，由于没有标准品，根据相关文献推测为磷酸酰胆碱，4.183min处峰为磷脂酰乙醇胺，31.248min处峰为磷脂酰肌醇，样品中各成分分离度符合药典要求。 结论：使用SofTA（美国索福达）Model 300S 蒸发光散射检测器分析大豆磷脂，信噪比高，基线漂移小，出峰情况良好，可以满足药典要求。

喜瓶者洗瓶机混合物残留/1.5ml小导管 解决方案 样品现状： 白色混合物残留 目的： 为满足用户玻璃仪器残留物清洗使用玻璃器具清洗机清洗方案，确保清洗机可满足用户要求，进行的清洗测试。 试洗机型： 喜瓶者洗瓶机Aurora-F2系列：双层款，可同时清洗1、25ml容量瓶144个2、100ml容量瓶42个+进样小瓶238个3、培养皿168个4、移液管238个6、进样小瓶476个

喜瓶者洗瓶机白色胶体混合物残留/三角瓶 解决方案 样品现状： 白色胶体混合物残留/三角瓶 目的： 为满足用户玻璃仪器残留物清洗使用玻璃器具清洗机清洗方案，确保清洗机可满足用户要求，进行的清洗测试。 试洗机型： 喜瓶者洗瓶机Aurora-F2系列：双层款，可同时清洗1、25ml容量瓶144个2、100ml容量瓶42个+进样小瓶238个3、培养皿168个4、移液管238个6、进样小瓶476个

喜瓶者洗瓶机白色有机物残留/试管 解决方案 样品现状： 白色有机物残留/试管 目的： 为满足用户玻璃仪器残留物清洗使用玻璃器具清洗机清洗方案，确保清洗机可满足用户要求，进行的清洗测试。 试洗机型： 喜瓶者洗瓶机Aurora-F2系列：双层款，可同时清洗1、25ml容量瓶144个2、100ml容量瓶42个+进样小瓶238个3、培养皿168个4、移液管238个6、进样小瓶476个

喜瓶者洗瓶机奶粉残留/奶瓶 解决方案 样品现状： 奶粉残留/奶瓶 目的： 为满足用户玻璃仪器残留物清洗使用玻璃器具清洗机清洗方案，确保清洗机可满足用户要求，进行的清洗测试。 试洗机型： 喜瓶者洗瓶机Aurora-F2系列：双层款，可同时清洗1、25ml容量瓶144个2、100ml容量瓶42个+进样小瓶238个3、培养皿168个4、移液管238个6、进样小瓶476个

喜瓶者洗瓶机有机物（黑色、棕色、淡黄）残留/25ml圆底烧瓶 解决方案 样品现状： 有机物（黑色、棕色、淡黄）残留/25ml烧瓶 目的： 为满足用户玻璃仪器残留物清洗使用玻璃器具清洗机清洗方案，确保清洗机可满足用户要求，进行的清洗测试。 试洗机型： 喜瓶者洗瓶机Aurora-F2系列：双层款，可同时清洗1、25ml容量瓶144个2、100ml容量瓶42个+进样小瓶238个3、培养皿168个4、移液管238个6、进样小瓶476个

喜瓶者洗瓶机灰尘、记号笔残留/玻璃管壳(3英寸) 解决方案 样品现状： 玻璃管壳(3英寸)，灰尘、记号笔残留残留 目的： 为满足用户玻璃仪器残留物清洗使用玻璃器具清洗机清洗方案，确保清洗机可满足用户要求，进行的清洗测试。 试洗机型： 喜瓶者洗瓶机Aurora-F2系列：双层款，可同时清洗1、25ml容量瓶144个2、100ml容量瓶42个+进样小瓶238个3、培养皿168个4、移液管238个6、进样小瓶476个

粒子加速器运行的一个重要因素是可靠且强大的真空系统。而像LHC这样非同寻常的机器对内置真空技术有着非常特殊的要求。极小误差可能导致整个加速器停止运行数小时。因此，整套真空系统必须是非常可靠的。此外，加速器中使用的所有设备必须能够承受高达1,000 Gy/a的辐射水平。而进行这些复杂测量的设备不能离开加速器的辐射区。因此，能在现场进行设备维护显得至关重要。 为满足这些高要求，普发真空与CERN合作，对真空获得、真空测量和真空分析研发并实践了一套定制的真空解决方案。 真空获得 LHC分两种真空系统: 电子束真空和隔离真空。两种应用中都用到了普发真空的涡轮分子泵。这些泵经改进后都可以满足LHC的特殊要求。为了能在辐射环境中运行，泵体中都不能使用电子元件。要满足这些要求，普发真空研发了无传感器驱动概念，实现了泵的机械部件与电子部件的隔离。采用这一概念，电子部件可以放置在离真空泵1,000 m以外的地方，并定位在一个保护区域内。 真空测量 普发真空专门研发了特殊的测量设备，用来测量获得的真空。这些使用的设备是改进的皮拉尼和冷阴极真空计。它们用来长期监测加速器内的压力，并确保当压力增加时可以采取适当的行动。由于真空计同样暴露于高水平辐射中，它们被制造成无源传感器，没有集成的电子设备。所有电子设备都被安置在一个辐射安全区域内，并且经由长电缆连接至无源传感器。这些电缆通过精确的指令与CERN密切连接。这使冷阴极真空计可以测量达10-11 hPa的压力。通过一种特殊的点火过程，冷阴极真空计即使在压力非常低的情况下，也可以轻易打开。由于加速器的寿命约为30到40年，因此，只有采用寿命长的电子元件。 氦检漏 对LHC要求的超高真空压力，加速器使用的部件必须确保极低的漏率。因此，在安装部件之前，必须进行全方位的检漏。针对检漏，CERN采用了ASM系列检漏仪。使用这些设备，即使是细微到的10-13 Pa·m3/s 的泄漏也可以有效地被检测出来。 真空分析 除压力外，残余气体的组成也是加速器正常运行的一个重要因素。使用残余气体光谱仪，可以得出加速器内使用材料脱气相关的结论。为获得残余气体光谱，CERN采用了普发真空的质谱仪。对于超高真空中的残余气体测量，质谱仪分析仪本身具有较低的脱气率是非常重要的。除了真空退火离子源外，CERN使用的普发分析仪也拥有真空退火棒系统。使用这一方法，分析仪将产生一个极低的背景信号，尤其方便记录加速器内实际残余气体的比例。

采用LaVision的科研级sCMOS相机，对用3D打印技术制成的微流提探头的流场特性进行了实验测量。

采用LaVison的DaVis8.4软件平台和三台CMOS相机(Photron FastCAM SA1, 1 MegaPixel, 构成一套时间分辨3D3C抖盒子测量系统，并利用该系统进行了由大尺度PTV测量确定全尺寸骑车人模型的气动阻力的研究。