空化混合层中速度场分析检测方案(粒子图像测速)

The purpose of this experimental study was to analyze a two-dimensional cavitating shear layer. The global aim of this work was to improve understanding and modeling of cavitation phenomena, from a 2D turbulent shear flow to rocket engine turbopomp inducers. This 2D mixing layer flow provided us with a well documented test case to be used for comparisons between behavior with and without cavitation. Similarities and differences enabled us to characterize the effects of cavitation on flow dynamics. The experimental facility enabled us to set up a mixing layer configuration with different cavitation levels. The development of a velocity gradient was observed inside a liquid water flow using PIV–LIF (particle image velocimetry–laser induced fluorescence). Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities developed at the interface and vaporizations and implosions of cavitating structures inside the vortices were observed. The mixing area grew linearly, showing a constant growth rate, for the range of cavitation levels studied. The spatial development of the mixing area seemed hardly to be affected by cavitation. Particularly, the self-similar behavior of the mean flow was preserved despite the presence of the vapor phase. Successive vaporizations and condensations of the fluid particles inside the turbulent area generated additional velocity fluctuations due to the strong density changes. Moreover, when cavitation developed, the Kelvin-Helmholtz vortex shape was modified, inducing a strong anisotropy (vortex distortion as ellipsoidal form) due to the vapor phase. The main results of this study clearly showed that the turbulence-cavitation relationship inside a mixing layer was not simply a change of compressibility properties of the fluid in the turbulent field, but a mutual interaction between large and small scales of the flow due to the presence of a two-phase flow.