其他检测

1.The HARVEST Project 2.2D-2C PIV Measurements 3.NumericalComputation 4.Results 1.ComparisonsPIV / CFD 2.Characterizationof dynamicstall 5.Conclusions ---------------------------------------------------------- Objective:Convertcineticenergyof riversor of tidal flow Specificity:Vertical axis turbine, radial flux, new generationof Darrieusand Gorlovturbine

This research investigated multiple detonation diffraction events in order to better understand the limits and benefits of diffraction strategies with respect to pulse detonation engine design. Hydrogen/air detonations were generated using swept ramp obstacles in a 1.27 m long channel with a cross section of 25.4 mm by 88.9 mm and were diffracted into various multiple-stepped openings. This allowed the detonation wave diffraction transmission limits to be determined for hydrogen/air mixtures and to better understand reinitiating mechanisms throughout the diffraction process. Tests were conducted for area ratios ranging from 2.00–2.60 with varying equivalence ratios from 0.5–1.5. Computational methods were used to better understand the diffraction phenomenon using a series of sensitivity studies for different chemistry sets, computational cell size and equivalence ratio. Experimental tests used combined optical shadowgraph and particle image velocimetry imaging systems to provide shock wave detail and velocity information. The images were observed through a newly designed explosive proof optical section and split flow detonation channel. It was found that area ratios of 2.0 could survive single and double diffraction events over a range an equivalence ratio range of 0.8 to 1.14 Area ratios of 2.3 survived the primary diffraction event for equivalence ratios near stoichiometric for the given step length. Detonation diffraction for area ratios of 2.6 did not survive the primary diffraction event for any equivalence ratio and were unable to transmit to a larger combustor.

基于密度调整的放大策略可在不同的系统/色谱柱配置之间高效地进行方 法转移。实现SFC分析级应用的快速方法开发，随后可转移至制备型SFC，同时维持色谱完整性。集中梯度的使用有利于目标分析物的纯化。

在政策的推动下，我国文物修复工作取得了明显突破，一批质量上乘的科学分析仪器被运用到了修复工作中。高光谱拥有着可捕获物质的“指纹光谱”这一特性，在文物修复过程中发挥着越来越重要的作用。

一体式气象站(5要素），进口气象产品，进口气象站，德国Lambrecht气象站，一体式多功能自动气象站，一体微型气象站 Quatro-ind（工业型）/ Quatro-nav（海洋型）综合一体式气象站，测量温度、湿度、压力、风速、风向。 一体式气象站 性能参数如下： 参数测量范围精度分辨率风速0~80m/s0.2m/s0.1m/s风向0~36003010气温-40~70℃1℃0.1℃气压500~1100hPa1hPa0.4hPa湿度0~100%Rh3%Rh!%Rh 另外：可以计算露点温度值，16bit的计算器用于外部雨量数据输入，模拟输入口（0~10VDC）,自动循环自检状态并打印报告，Rs485接口,，测量频率：10HZ。外壳防腐蚀、耐酸，无需维护元件带永久性空气浓度补偿，ASCII数据协议，24VDC供电带有缓冲保护，用外接的meteo-lcd显示屏可以看到测量数据，通过synmet系统和meteoware-nt软件可进行外接数据存储和运算，设备工作温度：-40℃~70℃,体积：302mm高，直径70mm,重量1.5Kg。 一体式气象站使用范围： 1． 各地的路面气象检测 2． 为各种恶劣条件所设计：如沙漠、寒带、热带、高山地区的气象检测 3． 为以下领域检测以及监测气象测量数据 --天气预报以及环境监测部门 --化工厂、大型工厂 --电站、水处理以及垃圾处理厂 --机场、运动场以及度假场所 --国防、军事部门 --消防安全部门 Quatro系列小型气象站的型号有四种，订购号如下 传感器型号订购号用途Quatro-nav(39k)00.16420.100 002海洋型号Quatro-ind(35k)00.16420.200 002工业型号Quatro-mil(34k)00.16420.500 002军事型号Quatro-nbc(42k)00.16420.600 002尖端型号 显示器型号订购号用途Indicator-nav(58k) 海洋型Indicator-ind(48k) 工业型

在本应用色谱条件方法开发过程中，氯酸根保留和峰形都很好，但高氯酸根的保留与流动相 pH、有机相比例等有关。比如，调节流动相体系至中性时（10 mmol/L 甲酸铵，pH 6.7）时，调整有机相（乙腈）比例至 90%，高氯酸根依然在死时间附近出峰。因此，利用 HILIC 模式开发液相方法时，可以通过 pH、盐浓度（离子强度）和有机相等的的优化来调整选择性，以获得更好的保留和分离。

旋转测试中测量夹具向一个方向旋转，测量下板或圆筒保持固定，被剪切的样品在间隙中产生层流。 旋转测量的实验方法有很多种，但是只有两种控制模式： 1. 剪切速率控制模式（CSR）：设定测量夹具转速或剪切速率，测量扭矩或剪切应力； 2. 剪切应力控制模式（CSS）：设定马达力矩或剪切应力，测量夹具的转速或剪切速率；

高压恒流输液泵在微反应器技术中的应用 江苏汉邦科技有限公司 摘要：本文以液相微反应过程为重点, 系统介绍和分析了微反应器中微尺度流体的流体动力学，着重介绍了用于微流体输送的高压恒流输液泵。

激光是强大的低成本光源，适用于从基础研究到消费娱乐的各行各业。在利用此类光源时确定波长和功率是极为重要的，紧凑型、即插即用的光谱仪是实现这一目的的理想工具。

2、 如何选择合适量程的电压击穿试验仪： 在材料的标准要求里或者测试报告中，对材料的耐压等级通常用介电强度来表示，即KV/mm,击穿电压和介电强度的关系可以用如下公式表示： 击穿电压值（KV） 介电强度（KV/mm）=------------------------------------------ 试样厚度（mm） 由如上公式可以得出结论,选择多大量程的测试仪器,取决于试样的厚度,即: 击穿电压值(KV)=介电强度(KV/mm)* 试样厚度（mm） 由此公式所得出的击穿电压值是按照试样厚度测试时的有效电压值，所以得出击穿电压值后，在此电压值得基础上适当加宽些量程范围比较合理，建议计算出击穿电压值后增加10KV—20KV

Turbulent jets have been always present in fluid-mechanic researches due to the large number of applications they have and to the presence of all the turbulence features on them. Thanks to the use of relative new non-intrusive techniques–such as PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry)-, the knowledge of turbulence in general, and turbulent jets in particular has increased. This work is focused on the assessment of both, the main characteristics of the turbulent jet and, at the same time, some significant PIV features. For that aim two experiments are proposed: -The first one, denominated “Spatial Resolution in PIV”, tries to determine the best position to place the digital camera that films the movement of the particles present in the jet, taking into account that we are interested on studying not only the microscales of the turbulent flow, but also the velocity field and the recovering of isotropy by evaluating the turbulent parameters (skewness, kurtosis, square mean derivative ratios,…). -In the second one, called “Effect of the Reynolds Number in Turbulence”, starting from the results of the first experiment, the behavior of the jet depending on the relationship between the inertia forces and the viscous ones is analyzed. To do this, three different zones along the jet and eight different Reynolds numbers are to be studied. This report is structured in four different chapters. The first one corresponds to a theoretical introduction to turbulence. In the second one the experimental setup is described after introducing the PIV measurement technique. The third one presents the results and carries out a deep analysis of them. Finally, in chapter four, the results are summarized obtaining some important conclusions and considering as well future challenges of the present work.

Although acoustics consists in the propagation of an oscillatory disturbance of local pressure, particle velocity, density and temperature, sound measurement is often assimilated to pressure measurement. This is because for decades only pressure fluctuations were accessible and because their relation with the other oscillatory quantities is well known under linear acoustic approximation and in simple configurations. Such a correct description of the origins of sound has long been known from the theory of sound, but there is a bad habit of acousticians to use the descriptions of sound as acoustic pressure only. Meanwhile, a sound wave is a form of energy transport in the field and has the vectors features. Sound intensity (SI) as a vector variable inseparably couples the acoustic particle velocity (called also acoustic velocity). and acoustic pressure (Ia=p v) and represents a stream of acoustic energy flowing in the field. This vector parameter of acoustic wave can be measured with special sound intensity probe and can be easily shown in a graphical form.

简单实用 　4.3TCD灵敏度STCD≥800Mv0ml/mg 　　4.4火焰离子化（FID）检测器 　　4.5FID检测限≤5×10-10g/s 　　4.6FID基线噪声≤1×10-12A；基线漂移（30min）≤1×10-11A 　　4.7仪器的定量重复性 RSD≤3% 　　5.校正条件 　　5.110μl微量进样器

色谱数据系统（又称 CDS）是确保现代色谱实验室高效可靠运作的关键——它必管 理从仪器控制到数据存储和处理，直至生成最终结果的全部分析流程。适用于所有的色谱实验室——日常检测、开发或研究——无论是否需要合规。

Liquid flows incorporating small-size bubbles play a vital role in many industrial applications. In this work, an experimental investigation is conducted on bubble formation during gas injection from a microtube into the channel of a downward liquid cross flow. The tip of the air injector has been located at the wall
wall orifice and also at several locations from the wall to channel centerline
nozzle injection. The size, shape, and velocity of the bubbles along with liquid velocity field are measured using a shadow-particle image velocimetry/particle tracking velocimetry system. The process of bubble formation for the wall orifice and the nozzle injection configurations is physically explained. The effect of variation in water and air flow rates on the observed phenomena is also investigated by considering water average velocities of 0.46, 0.65, and 0.83 m/s and also air average velocities of 1.32, 1.97, 2.63, and 3.29 m/s. It was observed that shifting the air injector tip toward the center of the channel resulted in the coalescence of some of the preliminary bubbles and the formation of larger bubbles termed secondary and multiple bubbles. Increase in air flow rate and reduction in water flow rate also intensify the rate of bubble coalescence. A correlation-based model is also suggested to overcome the shortcoming of the available models in the literature which are developed to only estimate the size of the preliminary bubbles. The model predicts the percent of the preliminary, secondary, and multiple bubbles along with the average size of secondary and multiple bubbles as a function of nozzle position within a cross flow.

采用LaVision公司的SprayMaster系统，利用SLIPI技术有效抑制致密喷雾下的照明光束吸收和非照明区域粒子的散射。可以获得喷雾对象中液滴粒径和浓度的分布图。 Artium公司的PDI设备可以为上述测量提供验证和标定参考。

This paper describes the principles of a novel 3D PIV system based on the illumination, recording and reconstruction of tracer particles within a 3D measurement volume. The technique makes use of several simultaneous views of the illuminated particles and their 3D reconstruction as a light intensity distribution by means of optical tomography. The technique is therefore referred to as tomographic particle image velocimetry (tomographic-PIV). The reconstruction is performed with the MART algorithm, yielding a 3D array of light intensity discretized over voxels. The reconstructed tomogram pair is then analyzed by means of 3D cross-correlation with an iterative multigrid volume deformation technique, returning the three-component velocity vector distribution over the measurement volume. The principles and details of the tomographic algorithm are discussed and a parametric study is carried out by means of a computer-simulated tomographic-PIV procedure. The study focuses on the accuracy of the light intensity field reconstruction process. The simulation also identifies the most important parameters governing the experimental method and the tomographic algorithm parameters, showing their effect on the reconstruction accuracy. A computer simulated experiment of a 3D particle motion field describing a vortex ring demonstrates the capability and potential of the proposed system with four cameras. The capability of the technique in real experimental conditions is assessed with the measurement of the turbulent flow in the near wake of a circular cylinder at Reynolds 2,700.

近红外线吸收色素在700~2500 nm的近红外区域具有高吸收性，可用于隔热膜材料、防伪识别等。UH 5700采用连续可变狭缝，可以在超大波长范围（190~3300 nm ），低噪音测定样品。 此次实验使用 UH5700测定五种近红外线吸收色素的吸收光谱，并使用专用软件 UV Solutions Plus 进行峰检测。

冻干机影响干燥过程的主要因素是升华界面的温度（或供热量）和水蒸汽逸出制品的能力。前者主要由搁板的温度和干燥箱的压力（真空度）所决定，而后者主要由升华界面的温度（对应的水蒸汽饱和压力）和箱内的水蒸汽分压所决定。因此，要使干燥过程具有“再现性"，搁板的温度、干燥箱的压力（真空度）和其水蒸汽分压这三个参数进行“过程控制"，才能使批与批间的制品具有相同的冻干条件和同样的质量。

Stereoscopic Planar Image Velocimetry (SPIV) has been applied to obtain the three components of the instantaneous velocity vectors on a vertical plane above the burner outlet where the flames propagate. The instantaneous temperature fields have been determined through Laser Induced Rayleigh (LIRay) scattering. Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) on acetone has been used to calculate the average equivalence ratio distributions. Instantaneous turbulent burning velocities have been extracted from SPIV results, while flame curvature and flame thermal thickness values have been calculated using the instantaneous temperature fields. The probability distributions of these quantities have been compared considering the separate influence of equivalence ratio stratification and turbulence. It has been observed that increased levels of turbulence determine higher turbulent burning velocities and flame front wrinkling. Flames characterized by stronger fuel stratification showed higher values in turbulent burning velocities. From the curvature analysis emerged that increased fuel concentration gradients favour flame wrinkling, especially when associated with positive small radius of curvature. This determines an increased surface area available for reaction that promotes a faster propagation of the flame front in the oncoming combustible mixtures.

We performed an experimental study of large-scale wakes in a rotating shallow-water layer. Standard particle image velocimetry was used to measure the horizontal velocity field, while a laser-induced fluorescence technique was used to measure the geopotential deviation
i.e., the interface deviation. According to these measurements, we were able to quantify the dynamics in a wide region of parameter space beyond the quasi-geostrophic regime. For obstacles larger than the deformation radius and with small Rossby numbers, a significant asymmetry occurs in the wake between cyclonic and anticyclonic vortices. These parameters correspond to a frontal geostrophic regime with the relative interface deviation being larger than 0.1–0.2. In this case, anticyclones remain coherent and circular, whereas cyclones tend to be elongated and distorted. More surprisingly, for some extreme cases, coherent cyclones do not emerge at all, and only an anticyclonic vortex street appears several diameters behind the obstacle. The transition from a quasi-geostrophic to a frontal geostrophic regime is characterized by a strong increase in the Strouhal number, which can reach a value up to 0.6. Hence, we found that a large-scale wake could differ strongly from the classical Karman street when the relative geopotential deviation becomes larger than the Rossby number.

高纯氧化钆在现代制造业得到重要的应用，它是特殊发光材料和磁泡记忆存储器的主要原料；氧化钆与镧一起使用，有助于提高玻璃的热稳定性；钆及其合金可作为固态磁致冷介质促进了磁制冷技术的发展。国标GBT18115.7-2006中稀土金属及其氧化物中稀土杂质化学分析方法中，其方法一为ICP 发射光谱法，但Yb 和Lu 的测定下限为0.0010%；方法二中为ICP 质谱法，但Yb 和Lu 都受Gd 各同位素的氧化物离子严重干扰，国标采用了C272 微型分离Gd 基体后测定。本方法使用ICP 光谱水平观测方式，通过对基体效应，谱线选择以及采用基体匹配，可以满足氧化钆中ug/g 级Yb 和Lu 的测定。其它稀土杂质使用iCAP Q ICPMS KED 模式测定，得到理想的结果。

微流控芯片又被称为芯片实验室或全分析系统。最简单的微流芯片由一个微型沟道和与之相连的进样口和出样口组成，沟道截面的几何尺寸一般在几十到几百微米的之间，沟道长度则可在几毫米到几厘米之间。稍复杂一点的芯片可集成微反应池、微混合器和微分离结构；更强功能的芯片则可集成微泵、微阀、微探测器等功能单元。由于体积小、可集成度高、成本低且可大批量生产。因此，微流控芯片在分析化学、生物医学、疾病诊断、药物筛选等领域有广泛的应用。

目前，利用仪器设备来进行文物的修复保护研究工作已经成为一种趋势，我国博物馆在 20 世纪 90 年代以后也开始添置仪器设备，进行文物修复保护研究工作，例如国家博物馆研究重点在金属文物保护研究方面、故宫博物院研究重点在瓷器研究方面。博物馆根据自身馆藏的特点及避免重复性，实验室把重点放在了丝织品的保护修复上。

一个典型的HPLC分析方法成功地转换并优化为Waters ACQUITY UPLCTM方法，既达到了样品分析的高通量又得到更高的分析灵敏度。提出了进一步快速转换方法的策略。对运行成本和样品通量的分析表明：UPLC的成本优势要超过HPLC。

In this paper, we examine the occurrence of cavitation in the tip region of a waterjet pump, and use the observations to identify key features of the flow structure. The rotor, stator and pump casing in our recently upgraded facility are made of acrylic, whose refractive index matches that of the working fluid, a concentrated aqueous solution of sodium iodide. Such matching makes the blades invisible, enabling flow structure visualization and optical measurements without any obstructions. Our initial tests with fresh water focus on cavitation in the vicinity of the tip region close to design conditions. Near the leading edge, cavitation inception near the tip corner of the pressure side causes accumulation of bubbles along the pressure side of the corner until mid blade. As roll-up of the tip leakage vortex (TLV) starts in the mid blade region, these bubbles travel across the tip-clearance to the suction side, and become nuclei for cavitation inception in the TLV. As the TLV migrates to the vicinity of the pressure side of the neighboring blade it bursts, generating a cloud of bubbles that spreads over most of the aft section of the passage. The leakage flow in the tip gap along the aft side of the blade is strong enough to cause sheet cavitation within the gap, starting from the pressure side corner. The paper also presents preliminary Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) data concentrating on the roll-up of TLV. Results are consistent with observed cavitation phenomena.

The purpose of this experimental study was to analyze a two-dimensional cavitating shear layer. The global aim of this work was to improve understanding and modeling of cavitation phenomena, from a 2D turbulent shear flow to rocket engine turbopomp inducers. This 2D mixing layer flow provided us with a well documented test case to be used for comparisons between behavior with and without cavitation. Similarities and differences enabled us to characterize the effects of cavitation on flow dynamics. The experimental facility enabled us to set up a mixing layer configuration with different cavitation levels. The development of a velocity gradient was observed inside a liquid water flow using PIV–LIF (particle image velocimetry–laser induced fluorescence). Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities developed at the interface and vaporizations and implosions of cavitating structures inside the vortices were observed. The mixing area grew linearly, showing a constant growth rate, for the range of cavitation levels studied. The spatial development of the mixing area seemed hardly to be affected by cavitation. Particularly, the self-similar behavior of the mean flow was preserved despite the presence of the vapor phase. Successive vaporizations and condensations of the fluid particles inside the turbulent area generated additional velocity fluctuations due to the strong density changes. Moreover, when cavitation developed, the Kelvin-Helmholtz vortex shape was modified, inducing a strong anisotropy (vortex distortion as ellipsoidal form) due to the vapor phase. The main results of this study clearly showed that the turbulence-cavitation relationship inside a mixing layer was not simply a change of compressibility properties of the fluid in the turbulent field, but a mutual interaction between large and small scales of the flow due to the presence of a two-phase flow.

制冰机使用过程中难免出现这样或那样的问题，田枫小编现将制冰机常见问题与解决方案总结。让客户更好的使用制冰机，创造更大的财富。

One of the major environmental problems facing the aviation industry is that of aircraft noise. The work presented in this paper, done as part of the EU’s OPENAIR Project, looks at reducing spoiler noise whilst maintaining aerodynamic performance, through means of large-scale fractal porosity. It is hypothesised that the highly turbulent flow generated by fractal grids from the way the multiple-length-scales are organised in space, would reduce the impact of the re-circulation region and with it, the low frequency noise it generates. In its place, a higher frequency noise is introduced which is more susceptible to atmospheric attenuation and is less offensive to the human ear. A total of nine laboratory scaled spoilers were looked at, seven of which had a fractal design, one with a regular grid design and one solid for reference. The spoilers were inclined at an angle of 30. Force, acoustic and flow visualisation experiments on a flat plate were carried out and it was found that the present fractal spoilers reduce the low frequency noise by 2.5dB. Results show that it is possible to improve the acoustic performance by modifying a number of parameters defining the fractal spoiler, some of them very sensitively. From these experiments, two fractal spoilers were chosen for a detailed aero-acoustic study on a three-element wing system, where it was found that the fractal spoilers had a reduction of up to 4dB in the sound pressure level while maintaining similar aerodynamic performances as conventional solid spoilers on the measured wing system.

对不同气体的阻隔性能是K涂层薄膜的重点测试性能指标之一。本文利用压差法原理设备VAC-V2压差法气体渗透仪分别测试了K涂层薄膜样品对氧气、氮气的阻隔性能，并介绍了试验原理、设备参数及适用范围、试验过程等内容，为K涂层薄膜对气体阻隔性能的测试研究提供参考。