原油中汞检测方案(测汞仪)

PAGE 1 Application Note APPN-MA-3000-PETRO-001 BACKGROUND Mercury levels in crude can be widely variable， both between and within reservoirs and geographical areas. Detectable mercurycomponents of crude oils would include elemental mercury， mercuric chloride， mercuric sulfide， mercuric selenide， dimethylmercury， anddiethylmercury. These can exist in soluble， insoluble， gaseous， solid and liquid states. While the low mercury average levels found in crudeoil (ca.3.5 pg/kg) do not seem to represent an environmental hazard， the refining process tends to concentrate and collect the mercurycomponents and direct the emissions to air release， petroleum products and waste products. In 2001， the EPA estimated that US petroleumrefineries were responsible for approximately 11 tons of mercury release annually. Mercury poses several issues for refineries beyond justenvironmental release. Mercury is detrimental to the refining process through amalgamation with other metals， poisoning of catalysts， andliquid metal embrittlement (cracking) with metals such as aluminum. Also， mercury is dangerous to both natural ecosystems and humansbecause it is highly toxic， especially because of its ability to damage the central nervous system. Thus， to prevent both mercury poisoningand damage to the refining infrastructure， it is necessary to accurately quantify total mercury in crudes. REFERENCES ·WHO HP： http：//www.who.int/ipcs/assessment/public_health/mercury/en/ · Marine Chemist Association： http：//www.marinechemist.org/Mercury.pdf INSTRUMENT NIC MA-3000 is a dedicated direct mercury analyzer that selectively measures totalmercury by thermal decomposition， gold amalgamation and cold vapor atomic absorptionspectroscopy， on virtually any sample matrix-solid， liquid， and gas. The MA-3000 offersquick results without any tedious， time-consuming and elaborate sample preparationprocess. It is a perfect solution to today’s increasing laboratory demand for easy， fastand accurate mercury measurements. 背景在油藏和地理区域之间和内部，原油中的汞含量变化很大。原油中可检测到的汞成分包括单质汞、氯化汞、硫化汞、硒化汞、二甲基汞和二乙基汞。它们可以以可溶性、不溶性、气态、固态和液态存在。虽然原油中发现的低汞平均水平(约3.5 μg/kg)似乎并不构成环境危害，但炼油过程往往会集中和收集汞成分，并将其排放到空气、或残留在石油产品和废物产品中。2001年，美国环保署估计，美国炼油厂每年释放约11吨汞。除了环境排放，汞还会给炼油厂带来一些问题。汞通过与其他金属反应导致催化剂中毒、液态金属与铝等金属脆化(开裂)而对精炼过程有害。此外，汞对自然生态系统和人类都是危险的，因为它是剧毒的，特别是因为它有破坏中枢神经系统的能力。因此，为了防止汞中毒和对炼油基础设施的损害，有必要准确量化原油中的总汞量。NIC公司 MA-3000是一款专用的直接汞分析仪，通过热分解、金汞齐化和冷原子吸收光谱有选择地测量几乎任何样品基质(固体、液体和气体)的总汞。MA-3000提供快速测试的结果，没有任何繁琐、耗时和复杂的样品制备过程。这是一个理想的解决方案，以满足当今实验室对简单，快速和准确的汞测量的需求