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对于制药行业用户，数据备份还原在数据完整性中扮演重要的角色，国家药监局NMPA 先后颁布几部法规明确提出该项要求。从这些法规中可以看出：数据备份与还原的法规要求更为具体，更为严格！ Agilent Crossl ab是仪器和软件确认以及计算机系统验证服务的行业领导者，确保您对数据可靠性计划充满信心。

毕克i-FlowLab氮气发生器是一种可靠的PSA氮气发生器系统，能够现场实时产生高流量、高纯度的氮气，全天24小时连续运转。最初设计主要用于制药、食品、饮料、电子、半导体、热处理等行业。我们介绍的这款制氮系统同样可以满足日益增长的大型实验室的需求，对于拥有大量分析仪器的大型实验室，传统的液氮杜瓦或者高压氮气瓶正逐渐被淘汰和取代。

DMA8000仪器配多种夹具及相应的探头，可以用于材料的拉伸、压缩、弯曲，可以提供模量、弹性、硬度、软化点等信息。

　　　在对塑料改性时用到的低分子有机物材料进行熔点测定时，从测试周期、测试成本、结果判断和实际生产指导考虑，推荐使用数字熔点仪法。 　　 在使用数字熔点仪对低分子有机物进行熔点测试时，要将样品充分混合，测试3次以上，几次结果接近方可接受，熔点取平均值。

上海伯东代理德国普发 Pfeiffer 涡轮分子泵 Hipace 700 成功应用于宁波某研究所磁控溅射（Megnetron Sputtering）系统.宁波某研究所磁控溅射（Megnetron Sputtering）系统用于光刻胶片上溅金属铬,铜,钛.其中材料生长腔工作真空度要求 < E-7 hPa,能做到4英寸片,3靶位,可实现编程镀膜.材料生长腔对涡轮分子泵的要求较高,老师在考量了德国普发 Pfeiffer Hipace 700 涡轮分子泵和爱德华 Edwards STP603 分子泵后,因为对分子泵的压缩比要求较高,最终选择了德国普发 Pfeiffer 分子泵

Complex applications in fluid dynamics research often require more highly resolved velocity data than direct measurements or simulations provide. The advent of stereo PIV and PCMR techniques has advanced the state-of-the-art in flow velocity measurement, but 3D spatial resolution remains limited. Here a new technique is proposed for velocity data interpolation to address this problem. The new method performs with higher quality than competing solutions from the literature in terms of accurately interpolating velocities, maintaining fluid structure and domain boundaries, and preserving coherent structures.

Energy supply is one of the primary building blocks of our society. Worldwide, and especially in rapidly developing countries, e.g. China and India, the demands of energy for housing, industry, transportation and communication are constantly increasing [83]. The global energy supply is currently dominated by combustion of fossil fuels. In 2008, 85.1% of the global primary energy supply was produced from the combustion of oil (34.6%), coal (28.4%) and natural gas (22.1%). From the 12.4% of renewable energy sources, 82% (in total 10.2%) was bioenergy based on burning renewable rescources [45]. Recent reports confirm that a dramatic shift towards CO2 neutral energy supply is required to stop the current trend of global warming [135]. Nevertheless, the slow developement of renewable energies over the last decades as well as the absence of large technological advancements in nuclear fusion technology indicate that this structure will not substantially change in the coming decades. Besides emissions of CO2, further pollutants are formed during the combustion of fossil or biofuels. From these emissions, nitric oxides (NOx) have been identified as a major problem of practical combustion processes [214]. In the recent decades nitric oxides became a significant contributor to photochemical smog and ozone in urban air [180]. It further participates in the chain reaction removing ozone form the stratosphere with the consequence of increased ultraviolet radiation reaching earth’s surface [90]. NOx is generally formed during the oxidation process of nitrogen containing fuels such as coal and oil. However, the gross NOx emissions are created at high combustion temperatures from nitrogen in the air. These are typical for hard coal plants, internal combustion engines and gas turbines. Hence, it is essential to understand the physico-chemical processes of NOx formation and concepts to reduce or even eliminate NOx emissions.

The prolific application of digital imaging and image processing for studying flows is extended to surface oil flow visualization. The use of colored, fluorescent mixtures enable bright, high-contrast images to be obtained which facilitate image processing. Examples were provided in visualizing the surface flow past micro vortex generators. Image processing of video sequences revealed minute features that are critical in understanding the flow.

LCOS微显示技术 透射式和反射式 相位或强度调制 像素高达1920 x 1080 2π范围相移 1000:1动态范围 衍射效率高，填充因子大 另提供Kit和OEM类型，即采用板卡控制，价格便宜，体积小巧，可方便客户集成到系统中

The purpose of this experimental study was to analyze a 2D cavitating shear layer. The global aim of this work was a better understanding and modeling of cavitation phenomena from a 2D turbulent shear flow to rocket engine turbopomp inducers. This 2D mixing layer flow provided us a well documented test case to be used for comparison between the behavior with and without cavitation. Similarities and differences led to characterize effects of the cavitation on the flow dynamic.

准确而方便快捷的样品预处理是目前分析化学研究的难题之一，它制约着相关学科如环境科学和生命科学的发展，是分析化学研究的热点。对于大量复杂基体的样品，离子色谱可以采用合适的方法，通过预处理后再用离子色谱法进行分析，但如果预处理方法不合适，经常会导致不稳定的基线、畸形的色谱峰、较差的分离效率，甚至根本无法进行色谱分析，同时色谱柱的寿命也会大大缩短。合适的预处理方法可大大提高复杂基体样品测定结果的准确性、提高分析方法的灵敏度。采用瑞士万通Metrohm 英蓝基体消除装置，分析了含甘油样品中的钾，以及IPA、NMP等之中的氟离子、氯离子、硝酸根离子、磷酸根离子、硫酸根离子等阴离子，并获得满意的测定结果。

近场探测原理，悬臂式光纤探针等．介绍光纤探针的制作方法，科学界把探针与样品之间的距离小于几十纳米的范围称为近场，而大于这个距离的范围叫做远场。显然，STM、AFM 等利用探针在样品表面的扫描的方法属于近场探测，而对于光学显微镜、电子显微镜等远离样品 表面进行观测的方法称为远场方法。

如今，真空在我们日常生活中被广泛应用于高端产品的生产及制造，并且扮演着重要角色。例如：在科研，工业流程，手机芯片，硬盘，太阳能电池，塑料干燥或者食品真空包装等领域。 在当今的生产活动中，我们对真空度测量的精确性、标准化、可靠性和重复性的要求是至关重要的。当我们在进行测量的时候，高精度又是关键中的关键：精度的高低会直接影响产品的生产质量，科学实验的准确性和设备使用的可靠性。 要确保真空计使用时的高可靠性，就必须经常对它进行校准或标定。而根据每个不同应用的具体要求，这些校准工作必须符合国内或相关的国际标准。 经济、高效、精准、国际化的机构校准及标定替代解决方案生产活动中，真空计往往需要对外专业机构进行校准和标定。然而在对量大或校准间隔要求短的条件下，使用经济的测量仪器进行现场校准能大大节约时间和费用。 普发真空紧凑型的校准泵组就能够组建起这样一个系统。这个易于使用的便携式系统是专为同时在线进行多个仪器检测而量身定做的。其系统具有使用便捷、快速及符合人体工学标准的特点。

户外基本暴露方法技术报告 抗老化和耐腐蚀测试数据对于新材料的选择和现有材料的改进都是必需的。导致材料发生老化的主要因素是光照、高温和潮湿。

In the present study it is attempted to use the 3D time-resolved velocity field measurements obtained by employing a high-speed tomographic PIV system on a flat plate turbulent boundary layer at Reθ=730. The main objective of the study is the estimation of the wall pressure coherence function for the prediction of aeroacoustic noise radiated by boundary layers and trailing edge flows. The reconstruction of the pressure field from velocity field measurements follows the approach of de Kat and van Oudheusden (2012), whereby the Poisson equation is integrated over the measurement volume in 3D. Due to restriction on the extent of the measurement volume, uniform pressure is applied as boundary condition on stream- and spanwise faces. A direct numerical simulation of the boundary layer at a similar Reynolds number is performed in order to produce reference data for the velocity statistics and for the properties of the spectral fluctuations. The tomographic data agree very well with DNS as far as mean and fluctuating velocity components are concerned. Velocity field results are compared to 2C-PIV and the DNS solution and a collapse of the data is demonstrated. An additional reference measurement is introduced in order to validate the procedure of pressure determination from time-resolved tomographic PIV. Time series of pressure and the scaled power spectral density at a single point are compared to the DNS solution and results available from literature and good agreement is found. The correlation coefficient with respect to pinhole microphone measurements reaches a maximum value above 50% for data band-pass filtered between 250Hz and 3.5kHz. Finally, the coherence of the pressure fluctuations and the resulting spanwise coherence length are computed compared.

The performance of a propulsion system is directly proportional to its operating temperature; therefore, an optimum operation regime will undoubtedly generate intense thermal loads on system components. If the system is designed for reusability and/or long range missions, it may be necessary to perform active cooling of critical components to prevent premature failure of the system. One such method is film cooling, in which a layer of relatively cool gas is injected near the surface to be protected. This work describes the use of minimally intrusive diagnostics to characterize the kinematics, thermal dynamics and heat transfer of slot film cooling flows over a wide range of blowing ratios, generating a comprehensive database for detailed analysis, as well as for further use by model developers.

Time Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry and Infrared Thermography are used to investigate the behaviour of a round jet impinging on a flat plate for a Reynolds number 28 000, for orificeto- plate distances of 3 or 5 nozzle diameters and for two different nozzles, a contraction and a long tube. The contraction nozzle reveals a different heat transfer distribution on the impinging plate compared to the long tube case, more often used in the literature. The jet is excited by a loudspeaker at Strouhal numbers 0:26, 0:51 and 0:80. This acoustic forcing changes the jet velocity structure, modifying annular vortex rings in the shear layer of the jet and increasing the turbulent values in the whole domain of the jet, including the potential core. The heat transfer is therefore modified, resulting in an increase of the Nusselt number near the jet axis and an alleviation or a shift of the secondary peak.

无菌冷灌线需控制灭菌后的包装容器内过氧化物残留量<0.5mg/L。使用百灵达过氧化氢低量程预制式试剂，配合百灵达7500型多参数光度计，能够很好地检测灭菌后空瓶或利乐包中过氧化氢的残留浓度。本文同时对这两种样品的过氧化物残留量检测方法进行简要介绍。

Multiphase flows in process industry- project (ProMoni) was a by Tekes and Finnish industry funded three year research project. Five Finnish universities and research units were working in the project in different applications of multiphase flows. All the results are reported in the projects final report1. The aim of this report is to give detailed insight to the work which was made by TUT:s Experimental fluid dynamics group. In the project were developed methods for dispersed phase characterization, for turbulence measurements in multiphase flows and for turbulence characterization. Digital Imaging and Particle Image Velocimetry were the used measurement methods. In institute of Energy and Process Engineering at TUT has been developed Experimental Fluid Mechanics knowledge based on optical and digital imaging measurement methods. The work has been continued several years with support of TEKES and various industrial partners. At this ProMoni-project has been reached a level, which enables research of new key tasks in multiphase fluid mechanics. The project has enabled the research of interaction of dispersed phase and turbulence and this leads to many new inventions industrial applications. This is the main motivation to publish this separate report.

黏度，有时候也被写为粘度，是指流体对流动所表现的阻力。液体的黏度除了和物质本身的化学特性有关，还和温度、压力、剪切速率（可以理解为转子的转速）、时间等有关，所以我们在进行黏度的测量时需要限定温度、转速等条件。

同一杯样品中，全自动连续测定給水，原水或锅炉水中的各个检测项目，自动报告实验结果数据表和谱图。 离子色谱法测量锅炉水中钙镁盐类的含量，自动化程度高，减少试剂用量和人为误差，一次进样同时分析测定钙镁离子。

In the present work the effect of temperature on the hydrodynamic behavior of fluidized beds is experimentally studied with modern non-invasive experimental techniques. In particular, the development of a high temperature endoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is presented. An experimental set up has been designed and constructed that allows the study of hydrodynamics up to temperatures of 1000 oC, typical temperatures encountered in chemical looping gasification processes. First the endoscopic PIV results have been validated at low temperatures with a cold flow setup. Subsequently the application of the new technique to high temperature fluidized beds is presented and the obtained results discussed.

In the Fluid project, WorkPackage 1 is devoted to the creation of an image sequence database with controlled 2D/3D experimental and numerical ow elds. The objective of this workpackage is to produce complete sets of data comprising:  meteorological satellite atmospheric image sequences;  rst sets of image sequences of controlled uid mechanics experiments (air ows in wind tunnels), produced in a classical way using laser-sheets and cameras, with a smoke or particle concentration chosen a priori in order to give reasonably detectable contrasts;  second sets of experimental image sequences produced in an adapted manner (seeding, lighting, frame size, physical data range) after feedback from tests conducted in WP 2, WP 3 and WP 4;  synthetic image sequences coming from the results of Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of shear ows;  quantitative data characterising the ows corresponding to each set of experimental image sequences, among which global and local physical characteristics like velocity elds, statistics, spatial correlation as well as topological dimensions of specic regions of the ow (formation length, layer thickness, virtual origins, wave length, etc). This report is the deliverable D1.23 on the production and diusion of uid mechanics images and data. All the dataset distributed during the rst year to the dierent partners are described. Section 2 concerns two experimental datasets, the rst one is not time resolved but the second is. Section 3 presents 2D-synthetic data of analytic ows, DNS of 2D sustained turbulent ow and a sample of 2D ow from PIV Challenge. The last section 4 is devoted to 3D-synthetic data.

随着无人机技术的日益成熟，基于无人机平台的新型遥感技术异军突起，得到遥感工作人员的青睐，科研工作者更对其在行业上的应用前景予以众望。目前无人机搭载成像光谱仪在农业上可用于诊断作物长势、病虫害情况以及土壤肥力等；在环境保护方面可用于检测海洋、湖泊的化工原料污染、富营养化等；在林业领域可用于检测林火、林业病害、林木存活率、林木种类区分等；在矿产资源领域上可用于石油、矿物矿产等领域的勘测；在考古领域可用于古村落的修复、文物遗址的勘查等；在通信部门可用于电缆绝缘子的勘察等。

经常有客户问 “你们电镜有辐射吗”，每次小编回答时都很纠结。直回答电镜有辐射，会吓到客户，但为了避免客户担心，说 “我们电镜没有辐射”，又不够专业和诚实。 所以，小编就单开一贴，好好聊一聊电镜辐射。希望通过这个帖子，大家对于辐射有一个更理性的认识。

Reducing the deleterious effect of Vortex Induced Vibrations (VIV) in marine risers is an important task for ocean engineers; and many competing factors exist in the design of VIV suppression devices. This thesis explores the experimental minimization of the drag force and the disruption of v0l1ex formation by utilizing VIV suppression devices. Two series of tests are conducted-both utilizing separate testing designs. The first tests are the flexible cylinder experiments, detailed in Chapter 2, which determine the drag force and vibration amplitude of numerous, original testing configurations. The second series of tests are the rigid cylinder, PIV experiments, detailed in Chapter 3. These tests measure both the drag force on the cylinder and the oscillating component of the lift force, the latter of which is a good indication of v011ex formation. The Chapter 3 tests also image the test section wake-providing helpful insight into the physical process of vortex formation. In brief, this thesis presents a detailed description and results of the two series of original VIV suppression tests. Many original configurations are tested, and the results are contained herein.

Electron heating, mechanisms of plasma generation, and electron dynamics in dif- ferent types of capacitively coupled radio frequency (CCRF) discharges relevant for industrial applications are investigated by a combination of di®erent experimen- tal diagnostics, simulations and models. Geometrically symmetric and asymmetric single frequency discharges operated at low pressures, geometrically symmetric dual frequency discharges operated at two substantially di®erent frequencies and two sim- ilar frequencies (fundamental and second harmonic with variable phase shift between the driving voltages) as well as hybrid capacitively/inductively coupled (CCP-ICP) RF discharges are studied. Electron heating is found to be strongly a®ected by phenomena characteristic for a certain discharge type, that do not occur in another. At low pressures the generation of highly energetic electron beams by the expand- ing sheath is observed. Such beams propagate through the entire plasma bulk and are re°ected at the opposing plasma boundaries, if the electron mean free path is long enough. An analytical model demonstrates that these beams lead to an en- hanced high energy tail of the electron energy distribution function and are, there- fore, closely related to stochastic heating

Recent years have seen an increasing interest in Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs). MAVs are small (micro sized) aircraft and find their application in a multitude of commercial, industrial and military purposes. To perform their missions MAVs should be small sized, have good manoeuvrability, be well controllable and have a broad flight envelope. When flying in small confinements, the ability to fly at low airspeed and to have good manoeuvrability is critical. One type of MAVs, the flapping-wing MAV, particularly has attractive characteristics for flight in confined spaces. DelFly is a biplane flapping-wing MAV designed and built at Delft University of Technology. DelFly is able to hover and has an onboard camera for observation and vision-based control. For the DelFly project a top-down approach is followed, where from the study of a relative large model experience and theoretical insights can be gained, that can assist to create smaller, functional versions of the DelFly. The ultimate aim of the DelFly project is to improve the design to a very small full autonomous aircraft.

表面等离子体共振（Surface Plasmon Resonance, SPR）是一种物理光学现象，SPR 技术已经成为当今科学研究的重要手段，在生物学检测、临床诊断与遗传分析、食品工业及环境监测等领域都有着关键的应用。SPR 传感器是表面等离子体共振仪中的核心部件，常见的传感器结构有棱镜耦合型、光纤型及光栅型三种，其中，棱镜耦合方式的传感结构简单，应用广泛。

The auto-ignition of a pulsed methane jet in the hot exhaust gas of a hydrogen/air flat flame and the following flame kernel development have been studied with high-speed laser and imaging techniques. The downstream location of the auto-ignition and the ignition time were determined with OH* chemiluminescence, as well as the lift-off height of the stably burning jet flame. Further details of the ignition were characterized by using simultaneous planar laserinduced fluorescence of OH. A third camera, looking at the jet from a different viewing angle was used to gain three-dimensional information about the ignition kernel location.