压榨棉籽饼作为工业化养殖黑水虻幼虫的潜在日粮，对其肠道细菌和真菌菌群适应的影响

Black soldier flfly larvae (Hermetia illucens, Diptera: Stratiomyidae) are used for the bioconversion of organic side products into valuable compounds such as proteins, lipids and chitin. However, the economic competitiveness of farmed insects compared to conventional protein production systems in agriculture and aquaculture depends on the availability of large quantities of inexpensive insect feed. Cottonseed press cake (CPC) is a side-stream of cotton production that is rich in proteins and lipids but unsuitable as feed for several farmed animals, except ruminants, due to the presence of the anti-nutritional sesquiterpenoid gossypol. Here, we tested CPC as a feed for black soldier flfly larvae and studied the impact of this diet on the gut microbiome. Larvae reared on CPC developed normally and even showed a shorter life-cycle, but were smaller at the end of larval development than control larvae reared on chicken feed. The adaptability of the larvae to different diets is mediated by their versatile gut microbiome, which facilitates digestion and detoxifification. We therefore used amplicon sequencing to analyze the bacterial and fungal communities associated with larvae reared on each diet, revealing differences between the larval guts and frass (residual feed substrate) as well as differences between the two diet groups. For example, Actinomycetaceae and Aspergillaceae were signifificantly enriched in guts of the CPC diet group and may help to metabolize compounds such as gossypol. Potentially probiotic yeasts and benefificial Enterobacteriaceae, which presumably belong to the core microbiota, were detected in high relative abundance in the gut and frass, indicating a functional role of these microbes, especially the protection against pathogens. We conclude that CPC may be suitable as an inexpensive and environmentally sustainable feed for the industrial rearing of black soldier flflies. 

黑兵飞幼虫（Hermetia illucens，双翅目：Stratiomyidae）用于将有机侧产物生物转化成有价值的化合物，例如蛋白质，脂质和甲壳素。然而，与农业和水产养殖中的传统蛋白质生产系统相比，养殖昆虫的经济竞争力取决于大量廉价昆虫饲料的可用性。压榨棉籽饼(CPC)是棉花生产的一种副产品，富含蛋白质和脂质，但由于抗营养倍半萜类棉酚的存在，不适合作为几种养殖动物的饲料，除了反刍动物。在这里，我们测试了CPC作为黑兵飞幼虫的饲料，并研究了这种饮食对肠道微生物组的影响。在CPC上生长的幼虫正常发育，甚至表现出较短的生命周期，但在幼虫发育结束时比在鸡饲料上生长的对照幼虫更小。幼虫对不同饮食的适应性是由它们的多功能肠道微生物组介导的，这有助于消化和解毒。因此，我们使用amplicon测序来分析与细菌和真菌群落相关的