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激光诱导白炽光烟雾粒子成像分析仪(LII)
激光诱导白炽光烟雾粒子成像分析仪(LII)

激光诱导白炽光烟雾粒子成像分析仪(LII)

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SootMaster

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欧洲

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北京欧兰科技发展有限公司
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  • 第17年
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仪器种类： 烟气排放连续监测系统(CEMS)

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仪器简介：
     这是一种能够获得定量的空间分辨的碳烟粒子体积分数的非介入式激光测量系统。被激光脉冲加热的粒子所发射的激光诱导白炽光信号(LII)用来测量高空间分辨和时间分辨的粒子浓度（体积分数）。相机配有可控的能够快速开启和关闭的快门并和激光脉冲的发射同步运转，从而能够记录瞬态的碳烟浓度分布. 初级粒径分布信息也能够从LII 信号中提取出来。
     仪器能够获得：
     1。即时的粒子浓度分布场
     2。提供统计信息 (平均量和均方根偏差数值)
     3。初级粒径分布
    SootMaster 能够容易地升级，添加其它片状光源照明成像测量系统功能来获得关于（反应）流场更丰富的信息。:
     碳烟-LII
     化学特性-LIF, Raman, Emission
     流场-PIV
     SootMaster是一种激光片状光源照明成像测量系统，设计用来在线地，实时地测量和揭示柴油发动机，直接喷射火花隙点火发动机，气体涡轮机，透平机，以及各种金属或陶瓷粒子流对象之中，碳烟粒子的生成及分布特征。
    LII 的灵敏度比标准的重力分析技术要高若干个量级，能够探测监控现代车辆引擎在瞬态条件下超低含量的碳烟粒子生成过程。
    Laser-Induced Incandescence 激光诱导白炽光 (LII) 技术采用高强度片状激光束照明 (反应的) 粒子流场中用户选择的特定区域的颗粒流动. 片状激光束中照明区域中的粒子被加热到接近碳的气化温度 (> 4000K). 探测相机的高速快门和激光脉冲同步开启记录被加热粒子所发射的白炽光 (黑体辐射) 信号。选择恰当的波长滤波和时间门控制可以保证精确地测量碳烟粒子的体积分数参量。初级粒径分布可以由LII信号的比率求出.
    LII 信号的标定通过测量已知粒子浓度的参考源或采用光束视线消失方法来完成. 三维测量可以通过光束扫描方法实现.
    系统由高功率脉冲激光器,片状照明激光束成型组件,带有快速开关快门的光学测量用CCD相机系统,带有滤波片的成像光学元件,带有图像采集卡的计算机,以及图像数据采集,处理和显示软件SootMaster 构成.可根据用户个性化应用需要提供定制的系统和升级.
主要特点：
    在线式碳烟体积分数(初级粒径)成像
    高灵敏度 (低探测极限) 同时具有大的动态范围
    高时间分辨 (<10ns) 和高空间分辨测量
    具有片状光源和图像畸变校正功能
    利用照明光消光现象或参考源进行信号标定

相关方案

综合汽车及零部件其他石油/化工能源/新能源
  • 油中温度和压力对处于贫油预混预蒸发燃烧阶段火焰的影响检测方案(烟气分析仪)
    The purpose of this experimental work is to study lean premixed n-heptane/air flames in order to identify the factors governing flame structure and flame stabilization. The experimental burner is composed of a cylindrical combustion chamber placed in a pressurized and cooled casing. Downstream, a converging nozzle with variable section allows to rise the pressure up to 8 bar inside the combustion chamber. Combustion air can be preheated up to 600&#176;C. The n-heptane/air injector is a radial swirler injector which induces an estimated value of 1.74 for the swirl number. The premix tube is a 70mm length and 10 mm diameter cylinder. The droplets are detected by laser tomographic imaging and their size is measured by light diffraction. The reacting zone is visualized by CH* chemiluminescence imaging and the structure of inner recirculation zone by P-LIF-OH imaging. The analysis of laser tomographic images points out the pre-heating effect on the vaporization of liquid fuel. At T = 25&#176;C and P = 1 bar, droplets are not totally evaporated in spite of their small initial diameter, (50 &#956;m without combustion). Totally prevaporized regime is achieved for temperature values above 100&#176;C. Measurements of CH* chemiluminescence for a fixed mean flow velocity V = 70 m/s, and for T = 25&#176;C, 100&#176;C and 200&#176;C show that the flame remains weakly anchored at the nozzle exit. The flame stability evolves with the combustion air temperature and is linked with the position of the Inner Recirculation Zone (IRZ). On the other hand the pressure is a stabilizing factor for constant conditions of velocity and equivalence ratio, because the position of the IRZ does not fluctuates. At constant injection velocity, aerodynamic structure is modified by pressure increasing. At a given critical pressure value, the flame becomes unstable until it reaches a stable flash-back state.

    石油/化工 2012-01-24

  • 高速直喷柴油燃烧系统,碳烟,一氧化碳,汽车发动机中减排方法,速度场检测方案(粒子图像测速)
    The current direction for Diesel combustion system development is towards homogenization, in order to reduce particulate and NOx emissions. However, a strong increase of carbon monoxide emissions (CO) is frequently noted in combination with enhanced homogenization. Therefore, the current investigation focuses on a detailed analysis of the particulate - CO trade-off using a laser-optical and multidimensional CFD investigation of the combustion process of a swirl HSDI system. The CFD methodology involves reduced kinetics for soot formation and oxidation and a three-step CO model. These models are validated by a detailed comparison to optical measurements of flow, spray penetration and the spatial distribution of soot, temperature and oxygen concentration. The results obtained show that high concentrations of CO occur as an intermediate combustion reaction product. Subsequently, CO and soot are oxidized in large areas of the combustion chamber. In part load operation, CO emissions are mainly caused by dilution effects in the early phases of combustion. However, the engine’s soot emissions are caused by insufficient oxidization. Soot generation and oxidation are found to be strongly impacted by the slight non-homogeneity of the swirl motion. The gaseous emissions are not affected by the small differences in local flow, which are outlined further in the text.

    汽车及零部件 2011-03-11

  • 柴油燃料喷雾中碳烟体积分数,碳烟初级粒径检测方案(尾气检测)
    Laser-induced incandescence can be applied to raw exhaust at the open tailpipe, or along the exhaust train using either an in situ optical cell or by extractive sam-pling to an external cell. While in situ measurements are preferable to avoid artifacts caused by extractive sam-pling, the experimental setup may be complex and thus more expensive to implement. In this paper we make a direct comparison of time-resolved in situ versus ex-tracted-sample measurements for rapid engine tran-sients of load and speed. In addition, we compare meas-urements for exhaust extracted from three different loca-tions: 1) at the turbocharger output; 2) at the muffler entrance; 3) at the muffler exit. The results show that extractive sampling sufficiently replicates in situ meas-urements obtained at the muffler entrance, and that rapid transients in soot concentration vary to a small but detectable degree with the measurement location.

    石油/化工 2009-12-27

  • 碳烟中碳烟体积分数,碳烟初级粒径检测方案(烟气分析仪)
    Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) occurs when a high-energy pulsed laser beam encounters graphitic particulate matter particles like soot or carbon black. The particles absorb laser energy from the beam and see an increase in their internal energy, resulting in an increase of temperature. At the same time, the particles loose energy through heat transfer mechanisms. If the energy absorption rate is sufficiently high, particle temperature will rise to levels where significant incandescence (blackbody emission) can occur .Typically, Laser-Induced Incandescence produces 50ns to 1μs long light pulses at atmospheric pressure. So far, LII measurements had been restrained to conduction-dominated conditions, whereby signals are short-lived (less than one microsecond) and require sensitive nanosecond resolution instrumentation. This thesis introduces a novel LII – based measurement method performed under high vacuum conditions. The novelty of LII under vacuum resided in the fact that heat conduction away from the soot particle becomes negligible below 10-2 mbar and this constituted a step away from the typical situation, whereby laser absorption is followed by heat conduction from the particles to the surrounding medium. Instead, sublimation and radiative heat transfer would follow laser absorption. The consequence was the obtention of long-lived LII signals (up to 100 microseconds) and a large gain of photons (ranging between 50 to 300) emitted per primary soot particle during LII temperature decays. Furthermore, the refractive index function E(m) value could be determined directly from measured radiative temperature decays, with potentially an uncertainty of circa 7%, which outperformed current soot extinction measurements. In addition, for laser fluences below 0.06 J/cm2, a regime where only laser energy absorption and radiative heat transfer apply would be reached and LII signals became independent of particle size.

    其他 2009-03-11

  • 喷嘴中直径对火焰举升长度的影响检测方案(尾气检测)
    采用LaVision公司的增强型CCD相机对火焰喷射对象进行了测量。研究了喷嘴直径对火焰举升长度的影响。

    其他 2017-09-08

  • 冲压发动机,燃烧器,燃料和空气混合过程中速度场,燃料浓度场检测方案(粒子图像测速)
    An ongoing research ramjet program initiated at ONERA under support of DGA (French ministry of Defence) aims to improve methodology for ramjet combustion chamber design and tuning by using validated CFD codes. A transparent model rig was used for aerodynamic tests with air flows at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. In the case of the simulation of a Solid Ducted Rocket (SDR) combustor, two fuel holes were located at the head end of the combustor in order to simulate the fuel supply from the auxiliary gas generator in the case of a real combustor. Among the various mechanisms that are controlling the development of the combustion processes inside the combustor, the mixing is certainly one of the most crucial as far as stability or efficiency are concerned. The work presented in this paper is addressing the characterization, in absence of combustion, of the turbulent flow velocity and scalar fields associated to the mixing between fuel (simulated by CO2) and air. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) and gas sampling analysis are the two techniques that were used to serve that purpose. Results presented in this paper are very useful to assess the ability of numerical computations, based either on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) or Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) approaches, to reliably predict velocity and fuel concentration fields inside this research combustor.

    其他 2009-07-17

  • 碳烟中碳烟体积分数,碳烟初级粒径检测方案(烟气分析仪)
    Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) occurs when a high-energy pulsed laser beam encounters graphitic particulate matter particles like soot or carbon black. The particles absorb laser energy from the beam and see an increase in their internal energy, resulting in an increase of temperature. At the same time, the particles loose energy through heat transfer mechanisms. If the energy absorption rate is sufficiently high, particle temperature will rise to levels where significant incandescence (blackbody emission) can occur .Typically, Laser-Induced Incandescence produces 50ns to 1μs long light pulses at atmospheric pressure. So far, LII measurements had been restrained to conduction-dominated conditions, whereby signals are short-lived (less than one microsecond) and require sensitive nanosecond resolution instrumentation. This thesis introduces a novel LII – based measurement method performed under high vacuum conditions. The novelty of LII under vacuum resided in the fact that heat conduction away from the soot particle becomes negligible below 10-2 mbar and this constituted a step away from the typical situation, whereby laser absorption is followed by heat conduction from the particles to the surrounding medium. Instead, sublimation and radiative heat transfer would follow laser absorption. The consequence was the obtention of long-lived LII signals (up to 100 microseconds) and a large gain of photons (ranging between 50 to 300) emitted per primary soot particle during LII temperature decays. Furthermore, the refractive index function E(m) value could be determined directly from measured radiative temperature decays, with potentially an uncertainty of circa 7%, which outperformed current soot extinction measurements. In addition, for laser fluences below 0.06 J/cm2, a regime where only laser energy absorption and radiative heat transfer apply would be reached and LII signals became independent of particle size.

    其他 2009-03-11

  • 碳烟,火焰,流体中速度场,浓度场,碳烟体积分数,碳烟初级粒径检测方案(粒子图像测速)
    An experimental study of the interaction of a planar diffusion flame with a line vortex is presented. A planar diffusion flame is established between two coflowing, equal velocity streams of acetylene diluted with nitrogen and air. A line vortex is generated on demand by momentarily pulsing one of the flow streams by way of electromagnetic actuation of a piston in the flow apparatus. The flame–vortex interactions are diagnosed by planar laser-induced incandescence for soot yield and by particle image velocimetry for vortex flow characterization. The results show that soot formation and distribution are influenced by the reactant streams from which vortices are initiated. The vortices interacting with the flame from the air side produce more soot and soot is distributed in and around the vortex core in diffuse layers. In contrast, topography of soot in vortices interacting from the fuel side is such that soot is confined to thinner layers around the vortex core which does not contain any soot. The flame curvature is found to influence the local soot production with the flame regions convex to the fuel side containing more soot locally. It is also found that the overall soot yield is less sensitive to the vortex strength and is of lower magnitude when vortex is spun from the fuel side. The knowledge of this type of asymmetry in soot yield in flame–vortex interactions is useful for combustion engineering and design of practical devices.

    其他 2008-07-01

  • 生物柴油中激光诱导白炽光,激光诱导荧光检测方案(粒子图像测速)
    采用LaVision的激光诱导荧光和激光诱导白炽光测量方法，对生物柴油碳链长度对小口径光学柴油机缸内碳烟形成过程的影响进行了研究。

    石油/化工 2019-12-11

  • 油中温度和压力对处于贫油预混预蒸发燃烧阶段火焰的影响检测方案(烟气分析仪)
    The purpose of this experimental work is to study lean premixed n-heptane/air flames in order to identify the factors governing flame structure and flame stabilization. The experimental burner is composed of a cylindrical combustion chamber placed in a pressurized and cooled casing. Downstream, a converging nozzle with variable section allows to rise the pressure up to 8 bar inside the combustion chamber. Combustion air can be preheated up to 600&#176;C. The n-heptane/air injector is a radial swirler injector which induces an estimated value of 1.74 for the swirl number. The premix tube is a 70mm length and 10 mm diameter cylinder. The droplets are detected by laser tomographic imaging and their size is measured by light diffraction. The reacting zone is visualized by CH* chemiluminescence imaging and the structure of inner recirculation zone by P-LIF-OH imaging. The analysis of laser tomographic images points out the pre-heating effect on the vaporization of liquid fuel. At T = 25&#176;C and P = 1 bar, droplets are not totally evaporated in spite of their small initial diameter, (50 &#956;m without combustion). Totally prevaporized regime is achieved for temperature values above 100&#176;C. Measurements of CH* chemiluminescence for a fixed mean flow velocity V = 70 m/s, and for T = 25&#176;C, 100&#176;C and 200&#176;C show that the flame remains weakly anchored at the nozzle exit. The flame stability evolves with the combustion air temperature and is linked with the position of the Inner Recirculation Zone (IRZ). On the other hand the pressure is a stabilizing factor for constant conditions of velocity and equivalence ratio, because the position of the IRZ does not fluctuates. At constant injection velocity, aerodynamic structure is modified by pressure increasing. At a given critical pressure value, the flame becomes unstable until it reaches a stable flash-back state.

    石油/化工 2012-01-24

  • 柴油燃料喷雾中碳烟体积分数,碳烟初级粒径检测方案(尾气检测)
    Laser-induced incandescence can be applied to raw exhaust at the open tailpipe, or along the exhaust train using either an in situ optical cell or by extractive sam-pling to an external cell. While in situ measurements are preferable to avoid artifacts caused by extractive sam-pling, the experimental setup may be complex and thus more expensive to implement. In this paper we make a direct comparison of time-resolved in situ versus ex-tracted-sample measurements for rapid engine tran-sients of load and speed. In addition, we compare meas-urements for exhaust extracted from three different loca-tions: 1) at the turbocharger output; 2) at the muffler entrance; 3) at the muffler exit. The results show that extractive sampling sufficiently replicates in situ meas-urements obtained at the muffler entrance, and that rapid transients in soot concentration vary to a small but detectable degree with the measurement location.

    石油/化工 2009-12-27

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    2171MB 2008-01-19
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激光诱导白炽光烟雾粒子成像分析仪(LII)信息由北京欧兰科技发展有限公司为您提供，如您想了解更多关于激光诱导白炽光烟雾粒子成像分析仪(LII)报价、型号、参数等信息，欢迎来电或留言咨询。
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