电镜负染色蛋白质案例

★超薄，纳米尺度介电薄膜与金属／金属性薄膜是MEMS/NEMS器件、其它IC部件，传感器，光学器件或催化剂关键部件 ★IC业中的高精度30器件， 如高深宽比沟槽与穿透性硅通孔， ALO工艺是唯可以在这些器件上实现高保形，平整，无缺陷，无针孔的薄膜材料。 ★可规模化生产的ALO工艺， 几种金属／金属性材料与介电材料： Pt, Ir, Ru, Cu, Ag, Au, TiN, AIN, TiAIN, ln203与Al203. ★沉积工艺可选：传统热ALO或者等离子增强ALD。

Abstract Aims-To investigate (1) whether adequate immunohistochemical staining can be achieved on sections cut from plastic embedded bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens after microwave heating in citrate buffer; and (2) whether this immunohistochemical staining is comparable with that achieved on routine sections cut from paraffin wax embedded trephine biopsy specimens after decalcification procedures. Methods-Sixty five consecutive bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens of more than 1 cm in length were divided transversely into two equal parts. One part was processed in paraffin wax foliowed by decalcification. The other part was embedded in the epoxyresin Polarbed 812 followed by the cutting of 1 pm sections. Both parts underwent immunohistochemical staining by an identical panel of antibodies. With Polarbed 812 plastic embedded sections, microwave heating in citrate buffer was undertaken before the application of antisera. Results-On sections cut from plastic embedded material, immunohistochemical staining was generally satisfactory, easy to interpret and comparable with that achieved with paraffin wax embedded material. Exceptions were antibodies to neutrophil elastase and CD61 where immunostaining was consistently negative on plastic embedded sections. Immunohistochemical staining for CD20 was consistently more reliable on plastic embedded sections. Conclusions-The results provide evidence that, with few exceptions, satisfactory immunohistochemical staining is possible on plastic embedded bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens after microwave heating in citrate buffer. This, combined with the advantage of superior cellular morphology with semi-thin (1 pm) sections of plastic embedded material, make such embedding procedures the preferred method for the processing ofbone marrow trephine biopsy specimens.

Abstract Advances in microwave technology permitted the development of new antigen labeling techniques. The recent microwave development of a true variable wattage unit designed for laboratory use and an apparatus for dampening standing wave radiation patterns have allowed investigators to better control the conditions within a microwave cavity. Thus, operating limits thought to be endemic to microwave-assisted protocols could be effectively mitigated. Standard protocols for histochemistry call for prolonged incubations and numerous rinses that add considerable time to the procedure. Here, we present microwave-assisted staining protocols for floating rat brain sections and cultured rat hippocampal cells. Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) histochemistry and immunocytochemistry were conducted inside a specially designed and configured laboratory microwave oven. As a control additional tissue sections were stained on the bench and treated in the same manner as those in the microwave. Labeling was minimal in the control tissue, but specific, high contrast staining was present in the microwave group. Tissues were evenly stained with minimal background, and anatomical structures were easily detected. Also, the differences between lesioned and intact sides of the brain were obvious and agreed with previous observations. Microwave-assisted methods resulted in significantly shorter protocol times (∼10-fold) resulting in staining patterns of equal or superior quality to those obtained using conventional methods. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

ABSTRACT The microwave has always promised to shorten tissue processing times. However, historically much of the use of the microwave has produced inadequate and varied results. This science has been further hampered by assumptions and misunderstandings as to how the microwave shortens processing times. This article discusses the important variables and advances in microwave processing and also illustrates why it was not technically possible for the variables to have been discovered earlier. Examples of protocols which can be used to standardize microwave processing techniques to produce consistent high quality results are given. The new methodology is contrasted with the methodology of the past 30 years to illustrate the new advances in microwave tissue processing. KEYWORDS: transmission electron microscopy, light microscopy, microwave processing, fixation, paraffin processing, immunolabeling, invivo labeling