动态控制气调有助于减少梨果采后病害

Author:           A. Amiri
Keywords:       controlled atmosphere, apple, postharvest, diseases, organic
DOI:                10.17660/ActaHortic.2024.1396.34

Abstract:
Washington State (WA) provides nearly 100% of organic apples grown in the USA and makes up to 20% of the state apple production. While the semi-arid climate of central WA allows growing organic fruit with minimum impact of biotic stresses, storing organic fruit is a challenge with postharvest diseases being the number one limitation. After 5 months of storage, an organic packer can lose up to 50% of organic fruit to diseases. Currently, there are no effective postharvest bio-fungicides available for postharvest application and decays are managed by preharvest applications of some organic materials and postharvest sanitation. Dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA) is a new approach used by organic packers specially, to extend the shelf life of organic fruit and reduce physiological disorders and DCA is increasingly used in the US Pacific Northwest (PNW). The ability of the microorganisms, especially, fungi that infect fruit and cause postharvest diseases, to grow and thrive under ultra-low oxygen concentration may vary but unknown for several postharvest pathogens. In this study, we compared the ability of DCA with static CA and regular atmosphere (RA) to reduce the incidence and severity of five apple postharvest pathogens, i.e., Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, Neofabraea perennans, Mucor piriformis, and Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis. Unwounded and wounded apples were inoculated with spore suspensions of each pathogen and disease incidence and severity was assessed every two months up to 8 months. Our results indicate variability between the five different pathogens to grow and cause postharvest diseases and that by using DCA a gain of 15 to 50% in reduction is possible compared to CA or RA.

 华盛顿州（WA）提供了美国种植的近100%的有机苹果，占该州苹果产量的20%。虽然西澳中部的半干旱气候允许在生物胁迫影响最小的情况下种植有机水果，但贮藏有机水果是一个挑战，采后病害是首要限制因素。在贮藏5个月后，有机包装商可能会因疾病而损失高达50%的有机水果。目前，没有有效的采后生物杀菌剂可用于采后应用，腐烂是通过采前应用一些有机材料和采后卫生来管理的。动态控制气调（DCA）是有机包装商特别使用的一种新方法，用于延长有机水果的保质期和减少生理紊乱，DCA在美国太平洋西北部（PNW）的使用越来越多。微生物，特别是感染水果并导致采后疾病的真菌，在超低氧浓度下生长和茁壮成长的能力可能会有所不同，但对于几种采后病原体来说尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们比较了DCA与静态CA和常规大气（RA）在降低五种苹果采后病原体的发病率和严重程度方面的能力，即扩展青霉菌、灰霉病菌、多年生新叶螨、梨状毛霉和华盛顿灰霉。用每种病原体的孢子悬浮液接种未受伤和受伤的苹果，每两个月评估一次发病率和严重程度，直至8个月。我们的研究结果表明，五种不同病原体在生长和引起采后病害方面存在差异，与CA或RA相比，使用DCA可以减少15%至50%。