The OCA20 and the software modules SCA2 and 21 offer an easy way to determine the surface energy of polymer surfaces. The polar portions of the surface energy responsible for the adhesion of coatings can be quantitatively collected by means of the contact angle measurement. In this way, wetting and adhesion properties can be predicted. Compared to the use of test inks to estimate the surface free energy, the present method has the advantage of providing a greater accuracy and let to additional information the polar and dispersive contribution of the surface free energy, which governs printability or adhesion. At the same time being independent of the experimenter, thus ruling out subjective influences.

The new DataPhysics lamella method was introduced, which permits the rapid and easy determination of the surface tension of liquids at temperatures up to 400℃. With the example of a high viscous hotmelt adhesive, an accuracy of the method of 1﹪was achieved.

The OCA20 offers an easy way of determining the surface energy of polymer surfaces. For the case of serial examinations on the same, only slightly modified materials as they often occur in industrial production, a method has been developed which further facilitates the determination of the surface energy. Here, the measurement of a contact angle with just one liquid is needed, thus considerably reducing the time needed. The example of PP films, which were submitted to different surface treatments, showed that the new method can predict the surface energy with an accuracy of 2﹪.

For performing the contact angle, surface tension and interfacial tension measurements on the contact adhesives, the knowledge of certain liquid parameters against the temperature is required. For the liquids used as polar or disperse reference liquids, these data are available from DataPhysics instruments GmbH, Filderstadt, on request.

A method has been presented that simply and precisely establishes the surface tension between printing ink and fountain water. With the examples of coloured inks and fountain water, which are currently under further development in industry, it has been shown that an exact assessment of the surface tension limits between printing inks and fountain water is only possible if one establishes the exact surface tension. The over all surface tension alone is not enough to predict the relationship of liquids to each other.

The OCA20 and the software modules SCA2 and 21 offer an easy way to determine the surface energy of polymer surfaces. The polar portions of the surface energy responsible for the adhesion of coatings can be quantitatively collected by means of the contact angle measurement. In this way, wetting and adhesion properties can be predicted. Compared to the use of test inks to estimate the surface free energy, the present method has the advantage of providing a greater accuracy and let to additional information the polar and dispersive contribution of the surface free energy, which governs printability or adhesion. At the same time being independent of the experimenter, thus ruling out subjective influences.

The new DataPhysics lamella method was introduced, which permits the rapid and easy determination of the surface tension of liquids at temperatures up to 400℃. With the example of a high viscous hotmelt adhesive, an accuracy of the method of 1﹪was achieved.

测量界面张力的方法很多, 但最受关注的是旋转滴法。SVT20 旋转滴界面张力仪是从德国进口的测量界面张力的一种新型仪器, 使用方便, 操作简单, 但是由于在测量界面张力的过程中影响因素较多, 没有得到很好的应用。从转速、液滴体积及光源亮度的选择、气泡的影响和排除等方面, 对如何使用SVT20 旋转滴界面张力仪准确测量界面张力进行了试验。通过试验得到测量界面张力的转速范围为5 000~ 8 000 r/ min、注入液滴的体积为01 3~ 01 8 LL 时测量结果准确。理论上界面张力越低的驱油剂其驱油效果应该越好, 在室内对一些表面活性剂进行了界面张力测量, 并做了相应的岩心驱替试验, 试验结果与理论相吻合。

随着科学技术和工业生产的迅速发展，表面科学及表面检测越来越多的被人们关注和重视。奥地利Alicona公司生产的自动变焦三维表面测量仪采用新型的自动变焦技术，是一款非接触式光学表面测量仪。具有精度高，测量面积大，速度快，不损坏样品表面等特点，尤其适合测量结构复杂或表面粗糙度较高的样品。在国外已广泛应用于刀具模具制造、汽车制造、航天航空、造纸、材料科学、摩擦、电子制造、医学、刑侦等领域。本文将对全自动变焦技术的原理、测量特点、相关应用进行介绍。

通过均质长岩心流动实验和非均质岩心驱替实验, 得到了化学复合驱中一类ASP 三元复合体系( 碱/表面活性剂/ 聚合物) 和一类SP 二元复合体系( 表面活性剂/ 聚合物) 在多孔介质中的阻力系数、粘度、界面张力和驱油效果。结果表明, 在地面条件下界面张力和粘度相近的ASP 三元体系和SP 二元体系, 随着在岩心中运移距离的增加, 两种体系的界面张力均大幅上升, 由10- 3 mN/ m 升高至10- 1 ~ 102 mN/ m, 并稳定在1 mN/ m 左右。ASP 三元体系的界面活性受碱浓度和表面活性剂浓度的双重影响, 其界面张力值变化幅度较大。碱对减少聚合物在岩心中的粘度损失影响较大, ASP 三元体系与SP 二元体系相比, 在岩心深部具有较高的粘度保留率和阻力系数值。本实验条件下, 利用ASP 三元体系改善非均质岩心的驱油效果比SP 二元体系更有优势, 在含水率为70% 时, 注入ASP 三元体系段塞0. 4~ 0. 6PV, 其化学驱采收率平均高于SP 二元体系5%~7%。

研究3种不同亲水基结构的阴离子表面活性剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠( sodium a lky l benzene sulfonate, ABS )、十二烷基硫酸钠( sodium dodecy l sulfa te, SDS)、十二烷基羧酸钠( sod ium d ichloro isocyanura te, SDC) )与阳离子表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵( ce tyltriethy l amm onium brom ide, CTAB) )的复配体系的性能, 考察复配体系的相容性、泡 沫量、泡沫稳定性、接触角、表面张力和界面张力. 研究结果表明, 阴阳离子复配体系在摩尔比接近1􀀂1时, 整个体系的泡沫性能下降, 表面张力和界面张力趋于最大值, 接触角趋于最小; 在SDC􀀁CTAB体系中, 当w ( CTAB ) = 10% ~ 30%时, 复配体系和胜利油田的原油形成超低界面张力.

分别用十二醇、十四醇、十六醇和十八醇与邻苯二甲酸酐反应合成邻苯二甲酸单醇酯,再用氢氧化钠中和得钠盐。研究了催化剂、醇、原料配比、酯化温度及溶剂等对单酯酯化率的影响,用红外光谱和核磁共振波谱对产物结构进行了表征,测定其泡沫性能和界面性能。确定了最佳酯化条件为:以自制催化剂BN - 1作催化剂,二甲苯为溶剂, n (醇) ∶n (酸酐) = 1∶116,酯化温度100 ℃,酯化时间5 h。随着醇碳链增加,邻苯二甲酸单醇酯钠盐泡沫能力降低,但界面活性增强。

采用在聚酯（PET） 单丝表面涂覆上与人体组织基本不产生黏连、相容性好的聚偏氟二乙烯（PVDF） 涂层，以此单丝为原料制成的疝气补片可防止黏连和感染现象。由于PET 单丝很难直接在表面进行PVDF 的涂覆，所以先对其表面进行碱减量处理，碱处理工艺为：NaOH 溶液浓度4 mol/L，处理温度90 ℃，时间2 h。采用DSC、红外光谱、声速、干热与沸水收缩、接触角等测试手段对PVDF 涂 层的PET 单丝结构与性能进行了表征。研究结果表明：PVDF 的亲水性比PP好；PET 单丝的取向度经碱处理后有所减小，但涂层后又有增加；涂层后的PET 单丝热收缩率减小；涂层是物理涂层，PET 和PVDF 界面上无化学反应发生。

采用乳液聚合的方法,将溶解性差异较大的两种单体全氟烷基丙烯酸酯( PFAA) 和丙烯酸(AA) 进行共聚,得到聚(全氟烷基丙烯酸酯2丙烯酸) (P(PFAA2AA) ) ,并用红外光谱( IR) 、差示扫描量热法(DSC) 和热重分析法( TG)对聚合物的结构和性能进行了表征和分析. 将聚合物乳液整理到棉织物上,发现该聚合物涂层具有疏油/ 疏水2亲水转换功能. 正十六烷在织物上的接触角为122°,水在织物上的接触角在30 min 内从127°减小到33°. 对疏油/ 疏水2亲水转换机理进行了推测,并利用X2射线光电子能谱仪(XPS) ,通过测试润湿前后织物上涂层不同深度化学元素组成变化,证明转换机理的推测是正确的.

该文利用自组装技术, 在HNO3 (质量分数6􀀁5% ) 刻蚀的铜表面制备了( 3􀀂巯基丙基) 三甲氧基硅烷(MPTS)与正辛基三乙氧基硅烷( OS) 的复合纳米薄膜, 并通过红外光谱对膜结构进行了分析。通过扫描电子显微镜确定了该复合膜具有纳米- 微米级粗糙结构; 静态接触角达158􀀁 6􀀂, 滚动角为3􀀂, 表明该膜具有超疏水性能; 盐水实验证明该复合膜有效地提高了铜的耐腐蚀能力。

采用微弧氧化技术和有机镀膜技术相结合的复合处理方法实现Mg-Mn-Ce 镁合金表面改性，获得超疏水复合膜层，研究微弧氧化膜的表面特征、有机镀膜电化学反应过程、复合膜层的润湿特性和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明：镁合金经微弧氧化处理后由于微弧氧化膜表面呈微纳多孔结构，表现为超亲水特性，其蒸馏水的静态接触角接近0°；在微弧氧化膜上经有机镀膜后，其形成的有机薄膜的静态接触角高达173.3°，表现出优良的超疏水特性。镁合金经微弧氧化处理后具有良好的耐腐蚀性能，经有机镀膜超疏水复合处理后，耐腐蚀性能得到进一步提高。复合膜层在3.5% NaCl 溶液中，与基体相比动电位极化腐蚀电流密度减小了3 个数量级、而电化学阻抗提高了3个数量级，耐腐蚀性能明显改善。微弧氧化与有机镀膜相结合的复合处理使镁合金表面在实现超亲水−超疏水功能转换的同时显著提高镁合金的耐腐蚀性能。

研究了孪连表面活性剂DSDBS22 (乙撑双十二烷基苯磺酸钠)的吸附、润湿及驱油性能。以芘为探针,用稳态荧光法测定能反映DSDBS22在高岭土表面吸附层微极性的I3 和I1 值,求得DSDBS22在溶液浓度为10 mg/L时开始在高岭土表面形成聚集体,溶液浓度为40～100 mg/L时聚集体逐渐完善,溶液浓度高于100 mg/L时形成新的聚集体。在亲水高岭土粉体表面的接触角,随溶液浓度增加先减小,在1615 mg/L处达到最低值后由于新聚集体形成而趋于增大。由表面张力～溶液浓度曲线求得DSDBS22的临界胶束浓度为10 mg/L。DSDBS22可使亲水的玻片、石英片表面强亲水,接触角降至12°以下,使亲油的玻片表面变亲水,接触角降至80°以下。驱油实验温度40℃,使用长29 cm、水测渗透率0135～0154μm2 的人造砂岩岩心,黏度1518 mPa·s的克拉玛依七区井口脱气脱气原油,用注入水配制的DSDBS22 (40 mg/L) /HPAM (1500 mg/L)表聚二元驱油剂,该驱油剂黏度4914 mPa·s,与原油间界面张力01106 mN /m;水驱之后注入015 PV驱油剂,采收率增值分别为15122%和16178% (亲油岩心) , 19182%和20113% (亲水岩心) 。表聚二元驱中岩石表面润湿性的改变应予重视。

目的: 研究吐温280的表面活性, 为吐温280质量评价和增溶应用提供依据。方法: 测定水溶液中吐温280的CMC和SFT, 采用效率和效能进行综合表征及应用吉布斯吸附理论定量描述。结果: 由CMC和SFT可反映吐温280的质量, 且实验数据和吉布斯吸附方程式一致。结论: 通过对不同厂家的吐温280的CMC和SFT的分析测定, 采用CMC和SFT能从本质上反映吐温280样品的质量, 也使我们得到了研究吐温280增溶的重要依据) ) ) CMC和SFT, 同时应用吉布斯吸附理论对吐温280的实验事实进行了解释, 从而使我们获得了在中药制剂中应用吐温280的理论依据。

以丙烯腈与1􀀁辛烯为主要原料, 合成了表面活性单体2􀀁丙烯酰胺基辛烷基磺酸钠( NaAMC8 S)。在n( 1􀀁辛烯) 􀀂n( 丙烯腈) 􀀂n (发烟硫酸) = 1􀀂6􀀂1, 反应温度25 , 反应时间24 h, 产品收率( 按1􀀁辛烯计) 为82􀀂2%。用红外光谱、核磁共振波谱、高分辨质谱和X射线能谱确认了NaAMC8 S的化学结构。用电导法与表面张力法测定了NaAMC8 S的临界胶束浓度( CMC)。用稳态荧光光谱法测定了CMC 和胶束的微极性。结果表明, 25 时, 用电导法和表面张力法测得NaAMC8 S的CMC分别为44􀀂 75 mmo l/L和51􀀂76 mmo l/L, 对应的表面张力为50􀀂 61 mN /m; 且CMC 随温度变化很小。

采用大孔树脂分离纯化山茶甙，并研究了山茶甙表面性能及对废报纸的脱墨活性。结果表明，山茶甙的临界胶束浓度为0.022%，最低表面张力为38.6mN/m，最大乳化力为122s，发泡参数为73.5%，稳泡参数为350s，均显著优于十二烷基硫酸钠。山茶甙与脂肪酶有协同作用，可显著提高脂肪酶脱墨的纸浆白度，减少其有效残余油墨浓度。山茶甙是一种性能优良的表面活性剂，用于脂肪酶脱墨是可行的。

采用相转化法以无机盐氯化锂( LiCl) 和水溶性聚合物聚乙二醇( PEG) 为添加剂，制备了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中空纤维疏水膜，所制得的膜具有较高的盐截留率，膜通量可达40. 5 kg /(m2·h)。以自制的PVDF 疏水膜进行了直接接触式膜蒸馏(DCMD)苦咸水脱盐应用试验研究。实际苦咸水淡化过程中，随着浓缩倍率的提高在进料侧会产生CaCO3沉淀造成膜组件堵塞、疏水膜受到污染，致使膜渗透通量下降、产水电导率升高。酸化预处理可以消除沉淀物对膜蒸馏过程的影响，酸化后整个膜蒸馏过程中膜渗透通量保持稳定，产水水质良好，其电导率不超过10 μS /cm。

以机械高速搅拌法制备了具有草莓结构的CaCO3 /SiO2 复合粒子, 并对其进行了表面修饰改性. 利用聚硅氧烷的自组装功能, 将制备的复合粒子与硅氧烷一起制备了具有/ 荷叶效应0的超疏水涂层, 静态水接触角达169b, 滚动角约为2b. 通过扫描电镜观察涂层的表面微观形貌, 发现该涂层具有微米2纳米相结合的双层粗糙结构. 微米凸起的粒径在2~ 3Lm 左右, 纳米凸起的粒径约为200nm左右, 与荷叶具有类似的结构排布方式. 通过原子力显微镜和接触角的测试, 探讨了表面微观结构、涂层粗糙度和涂层疏水性能之间的关系. 结果表明: 复合粒子构成的非均相界面的水接触角符合Cass ie模型. 复合粒子赋予涂层的双微观粗糙结构与自组装成膜硅氧烷的低表面能的协同效应, 使涂层具有了优 良的超疏水性能.

研究了木塑复合材料在氙灯加速老化环境老化后的性能变化。结果表明,材料老化后表面发生褪色现象,弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量分别损失10%和20%。通过扫描电子显微镜可以看出材料老化后表面出现微孔和细小裂缝,表面细长物质增多。接触角测试则证明了老化50 h后增多的细长物质为木粉,老化75 h和100 h后增多的细长物质为HDPE老化断链后的低分子物。通过X射线光电子能谱对材料表面元素状态及含量的变化分析可知,老化后材料表面发生了氧化。 关键词　木塑复合材料　老化性能　接触角　X射线光电子能谱分析

在室温条件下, 利用KrF 准分子激光辐照技术, 实现了超疏水性聚偏氟乙烯高分子材料的快速制备, 最快制备时间为10 s。实验结果表明, 在改性后的材料表面上, 与水静态接触角由原来的53􀀂增加到170􀀂 左右。采用原子力显微镜和X 射线光电子能谱等检测手段对辐照后的材料表面进行了微观形貌和化学结构分析, 结果表明激光辐照区域产生了具有极规整三维网络结构的改性层, 并且C - CF2 和C- F 两种化学基团取代了原有的化学结构CH 2 和CF2 成为该改性层的主体。表面的粗糙化与低表面能化学基团的共同作用, 使改性后的聚偏氟乙烯表面有效地产生了较强的超疏水性能。

中国客户使用我公司仪器OCA40全自动单一纤维接触角测量仪在国际期刊nature上发表的文章：Directional water collection on wetted spider silk

In order to seek the method to improve the hemo-compatibility of artificial mechanical heart valve, the surface of rabbit’s heart valve was observed using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the dual-scale structure which consists of cobblestones-like structure of 8 mmin underside diameter and 3 mm in height, and the fine cilia of about 150 nm in diameter, was helpful to the hemocompatibility of the heart valve. Therefore, the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface with hierarchical micro-structure was fabricated using femtosecond laser fabrication technique and soft lithography. At the same time, the tests of apparent contact angle and platelet adhesion on both smooth and textured PDMS surfaces were carried out to study their wettability and hemo-compatibility. The results demonstrated that the surface with textured structure displayed more excellent wettabililty and anticoagulation property than that of smooth surface. The apparent contact angle of textured surface enhanced from 113.18 to 163.68 and the amount of adsorbed platelet on such surface was fewer, no distortion and no activation were found.

Interfacial tension is an important physical property affecting the droplet formation process in microfluidic devices. This work presents the variation of dynamic interfacial tension caused by slow adsorption of surfactant, as well as its influence on the liquid/liquid microdispersion process in a T-shaped microchannel. Using hexane/water-Tween 20 as the working system, it was observed that the droplet size changed with the variation of surfactant concentration when the concentration of Tween 20 was lower than 10 mmol/L, but hardly changed at higher concentrations, which was caused by the unsaturated adsorption and saturated adsorption of surfactant, respectively. The saturated interfacial tension was measured with an interfacial tension meter, and the relationship between the interfacial tension and the droplet diameter was established. Accordingly, the dynamic interfacial tension with unsaturated adsorption of surfactant was determined. The main factors affecting the dynamic interfacial tension were discussed, and a semiempirical equation was established to characterize those effects.

Biodegradable amphiphilic graft copolymers with different compositions were synthesized by grafting poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) sequences onto a water-soluble poly-,-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-l-aspartamide] (PHEA) backbone. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the graft polymers was determined by fluorescence probe technique. Using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, the graft polymers were proved to have low cytotoxicity. Based on the specific physicochemical property of the graft copolymers, submicron sized microsphere drug delivery systems were prepared by a very convenient “ultrasonic dispersion method”, which did not involve toxic organic solvents. The drug-loaded microspheres had a regular spherical shape with a narrow size distribution. A hydrophobic drug, prednisone acetate, was encapsulated into polymeric microspheres and the in vitro drug release was studied.

We report the systematic studies of the physical properties of systems involving imidazolium based ionic liquids and water. The measurements of density ρ, refractive index Δn, viscosity η, specific conductance κ and surface tension γ were made over the whole concentration range. The equivalent conductivity Λm was calculated. The physical properti`es of the solutions changed with the change of association between ionic liquid and water. The physical properties of the solutions also vary with the alkyl length on the cation and polarity of anion.

An amphiphilic tris(dibenzoylmethanato)europium(III) (Eu(DBM)3) coordinated P(MMA-co- EIPPMMA)-co-P(NIPAAm-co-NDAPM) copolymer was synthesized, which exhibited good biocompatibility and emitted strong red luminescence (MMA, methyl methacrylate; EIPPMMA, 4-(1-ethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5- f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenyl methacrylate; NIPAAm, N-isopropylacrylamide; NDAPM, (N-(3- dimethylamino)propyl)methacrylamide). The copolymer could self-assemble into micelles of size around 260 nm, and the micelles were thermosensitive at around body temperature. The drug-loaded micelles showed thermosensitive controlled drug release, and the paclitaxel loaded micelles were capable of being internalized into the tumor cells (A549) and exhibited obvious inhibition to the growth of A549 cells. Importantly, in vivo study showed the self-assembled micelles of Eu(DBM)3 coordinated P(MMA-co-EIPPMMA)-co-P(NIPAAm-co-NDAPM) copolymer uptaken by the larvae of zebrafish could be easily tracked and be eliminated from the body within several days.