茎流计

2020年5月，我公司为上海果蔬种植基地（上海清澄果蔬专业合作社）提供植物茎流仪、果实生长变化仪、茎秆生长变化计等数据采集系统。 上海清澄果蔬专业合作社占地面积480亩，先后被评为中国农业部和财政部现代农业产业技术示范基地、市农业技术推广服务中心先进科技示范户、2017年上海农业科学院梨树试验示范基地等多项荣誉。合作社坚持农旅结合，打造特色农业生态合作社，并利用网络平台开设微店，生产的各种特色果品深受市民喜爱。 PEM1000X植物生理生态监测系统是北京博伦经纬公司推出的一款新型的植物生理生态监测系统，分别有监测部分、采集部分、传输部分组成，监测部分包括：各种传感器和供电部分；采购部分包括：数据记录仪、数据存储部分和支架配件部分；传输部分包括：有线传输和无线传输。此系统包括：茎秆生长变化、果实生长变化、茎流等指标，可根据客户的需要酌情添加或减少传感器，可以长期地监测植物的生理变化和影响植物生长变化的监测系统。HPV茎流量传感器是一款校准型、低成本的热脉冲液流传感器，输出校准液流量、热速、茎水含量、茎温等数据，功耗低，内置加热控制，同时改善了传统的加热方式，其原理采用热脉冲速率法（HPV），测量范围：-200~+1000cm/hr(热流速度)或-100~+2000cm3/cm2/hr (茎流通量密度)，可广泛用于于茎流量监测、植物茎流蒸发计算、植物茎流蒸腾量、植物灌溉等植物茎流是树木内部的“水”运动，而蒸腾是从叶片通过光合作用蒸发流出的水分。树液流量和蒸腾量之间有很强的关联性，通常理解是同一回事。但是，严格地说，它们是不同的，这体现在它们是如何被测量的。SAP流量以L/hr（或每天、每周等）为单位进行测量。蒸腾量以每小时、每天、每星期等毫米（mm）为单位测量。 蒸散量=蒸腾量+蒸发量 蒸腾量以毫米为测量单位，可与降雨量以毫米计作比较。随着时间的推移，降雨量（水输入）应与蒸腾量（输出）相匹配。如果蒸腾作用更高，通常是树木作物的蒸腾作用，那么这种差异必须通过灌溉来弥补。 蒸发量（evaporation），蒸发量是指在一定时段内，由土壤或水中的水分经蒸发而散布到空中的量。1mm(降雨量)=1㎡地面1kg水1mm(蒸腾量)=1㎡叶面积的1升树液流量（水） 例如：在果园和葡萄园等有管理的树木作物系统中，蒸发量与蒸腾量相比非常小。因此，为了简化测量，通常忽略蒸发量，将蒸腾量取为平均蒸散量（ETo）。 技术指标测量范围：-200~+1000cm/hr(热流速度)分辨率：0.001cm/hr准确度：±0.1cm/hr探针尺寸：φ1.3mm*L30mm温度位置：外10mm，内20mm针距：6mm探针材质：316不锈钢温度范围：-30~+70℃响应时间：200ms加热电阻：39Ω，400J/m电源：12V DC电流：空闲5mA, 测量270mA线缆：5m，Max 60mDE-1T 树木生长变化传感器茎秆直径范围：60mm茎秆变化测量范围：0~10mm分辨率：0.005mm温度响应： 0.02% /℃工作环境：0~50℃预热时间：5s电源：10~30V DC功耗：1.5W防护等级：IP64尺寸：90 W × 60 H × 23 Dmm测量杆尺寸：160 L × 4Φ螺纹管口尺寸：10 L × 5Φ标准线缆：4m长，可选择10mFI-LT果实生长传感器是一个系列位移传感器，主要用于记录完全圆形的果实的生长尺寸和生长速度，在7 -160毫米范围内，通过三个直径变化测量。移动臂原始设计为平行四边形，提供牢固的笔直的传感器位置，用于果实研究。FI型传感器由一个安装在特殊夹子上的LVDT变送器，以及一个DC电源信号调节器组成。测量范围：30~160mm分辨率：0.065mm准确度：±0.3mm温度响应： 0.02% /℃工作环境：0~50℃预热时间：5s电源：10~30V DC功耗：1.5W防护等级：IP64标准线缆：4m长，可选择10m

HPV 茎流量传感器/Sap Flow SensorHPV茎流量传感器是一款校准型、低成本的热脉冲液流传感器，输出校准液流量、热速、茎水含量、茎温等数据，功耗低，内置加热控制，同时改善了传统的加热方式，其原理采用双方法（DMA）热脉冲法，测量范围：-200~+1000cm/hr(热流速度)或-100~+2000cm3/cm2/hr (茎流通量密度)，可广泛用于于茎流量监测、植物茎流蒸发计算、植物茎流蒸腾量、植物灌溉等植物茎流是树木内部的“水”运动，而蒸腾是从叶片通过光合作用蒸发流出的水分。树液流量和蒸腾量之间有很强的关联性，通常理解是同一回事。但是，严格地说，它们是不同的，这体现在它们是如何被测量的。SAP流量以L/hr（或每天、每周等）为单位进行测量。蒸腾量以每小时、每天、每星期等毫米（mm）为单位测量。 蒸散量=蒸腾量+蒸发量 蒸腾量以毫米为测量单位，可与降雨量以毫米计作比较。随着时间的推移，降雨量（水输入）应与蒸腾量（输出）相匹配。如果蒸腾作用更高，通常是树木作物的蒸腾作用，那么这种差异必须通过灌溉来弥补。 蒸发量（evaporation），蒸发量是指在一定时段内，由土壤或水中的水分经蒸发而散布到空中的量。1mm(降雨量)=1㎡地面1kg水1mm(蒸腾量)=1㎡叶面积的1升树液流量（水） 例如：在果园和葡萄园等有管理的树木作物系统中，蒸发量与蒸腾量相比非常小。因此，为了简化测量，通常忽略蒸发量，将蒸腾量取为平均蒸散量（ETo）。 技术指标测量范围：-200~+1000cm/hr(热流速度)分辨率：0.001cm/hr准确度：±0.1cm/hr探针尺寸：φ1.3mm*L30mm温度位置：外10mm，内20mm针距：6mm探针材质：316不锈钢温度范围：-30~+70℃响应时间：200ms加热电阻：39Ω，400J/m电源：12V DC电流：空闲5mA, 测量270mA信号输出：SDI-12线缆：5m，最大60m茎流量传感器参考文献：1. Kim, H.K. Park, J. Hwang, I. Investigating water transport through the xylem network in vascular plants.J. Exp. Bot. 2014, 65, 1895–1904. [CrossRef] [PubMed]2. Steppe, K. Vandegehuchte, M.W. Tognetti, R. Mencuccini, M. Sap flow as a key trait in the understanding of plant hydraulic functioning. Tree Physiol. 2015, 35, 341–345. [CrossRef] [PubMed]3. Vandegehuchte, M.W. Steppe, K. Sap-flux density measurement methods: Working principles andapplicability. Funct. Plant Biol. 2013, 40, 213–223. [CrossRef]4. Marshall, D.C. Measurement of sap flow in conifers by heat transport. Plant Physiol. 1958 , 33, 385–396.[CrossRef] [PubMed]5. Cohen, Y. Fuchs, M. Green, G.C. Improvement of the heat pulse method for determining sap flow in trees. Plant Cell Environ. 1981, 4, 391–397. [CrossRef]6. Green, S.R. Clothier, B. Jardine, B. Theory and practical application of heat pulse to measure sap flow.Agron. J. 2003, 95, 1371–1379. [CrossRef]7. Burgess, S.S.O. Adams, M.A. Turner, N.C. Beverly, C.R. Ong, C.K. Khan, A.A.H. Bleby, T.M. An improved heat-pulse method to measure low and reverse rates of sap flow in woody plants. Tree Physiol. 2001 , 21, 589–598. [CrossRef]8. Forster, M.A. How reliable are heat pulse velocity methods for estimating tree transpiration? Forests 2017 , 8, 350. [CrossRef]9. Bleby, T.M. McElrone, A.J. Burgess, S.S.O. Limitations of the HRM: Great at low flow rates, but no yet up to speed? In Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Sap Flow: Book of Abstracts, Seville, Spain, 22–24 October 2008.10. Pearsall, K.R. Williams, L.E. Castorani, S. Bleby, T.M. McElrone, A.J. Evaluating the potential of a novel dual heat-pulse sensor to measure volumetric water use in grapevines under a range of flow conditions. Funct. Plant Biol. 2014, 41, 874–883. [CrossRef]11. Clearwater, M.J. Luo, Z. Mazzeo, M. Dichio, B. An external heat pulse method for measurement of sap flow through fruit pedicels, leaf petioles and other small-diameter stems. Plant Cell Environ. 2009 , 32, 1652–1663.[CrossRef]12. Green, S.R. Romero, R. Can we improve heat-pulse to measure low and reverse flows? Acta Hortic. 2012 , 951, 19–29. [CrossRef]13. Green, S. Clothier, B. Perie, E. A re-analysis of heat pulse theory across a wide range of sap flows. Acta Hortic. 2009, 846, 95–104. [CrossRef]14. Ferreira, M.I. Green, S. Concei??o, N. Fernández, J. Assessing hydraulic redistribution with thecompensated average gradient heat-pulse method on rain-fed olive trees. Plant Soil 2018 , 425, 21–41.[CrossRef]15. Romero, R. Muriel, J.L. Garcia, I. Green, S.R. Clothier, B.E. Improving heat-pulse methods to extend the measurement range including reverse flows. Acta Hortic. 2012, 951, 31–38. [CrossRef]16. Testi, L. Villalobos, F. New approach for measuring low sap velocities in trees. Agric. Meteorol. 2009 , 149, 730–734. [CrossRef]17. Vandegehuchte, M.W. Steppe, K. Sapflow+: A four-needle heat-pulse sap flow sensor enabling nonempirical sap flux density and water content measurements. New Phytol. 2012, 196, 306–317. [CrossRef] [PubMed]18. Kluitenberg, G.J. Ham, J.M. Improved theory for calculating sap flow with the heat pulse method.Agric. For. Meteorol. 2004, 126, 169–173. [CrossRef]19. Vandegehuchte, M.W. Steppe, K. Improving sap-flux density measurements by correctly determiningthermal diffusivity, differentiating between bound and unbound water. Tree Physiol. 2012 , 32, 930–942.[CrossRef]20. Looker, N. Martin, J. Jencso, K. Hu, J. Contribution of sapwood traits to uncertainty in conifer sap flow as estimated with the heat-ratio method. Agric. For. Meteorol. 2016, 223, 60–71. [CrossRef]21. Edwards, W.R.N. Warwick, N.W.M. Transpiration from a kiwifruit vine as estimated by the heat pulsetechnique and the Penman-Monteith equation. N. Z. J. Agric. Res. 1984, 27, 537–543. [CrossRef]22. Becker, P. Edwards, W.R.N. Corrected heat capacity of wood for sap flow calculations. Tree Physiol 1999 , 19, 767–768. [CrossRef]23. Hogg, E.H. Black, T.A. den Hartog, G. Neumann, H.H. Zimmermann, R. Hurdle, P.A. Blanken, P.D. Nesic, Z. Yang, P.C. Staebler, R.M. et al. A comparison of sap flow and eddy fluxes of water vapor from aboreal deciduous forest. J. Geophys. Res. 1997, 102, 28929–28937. [CrossRef]24. Barkas, W.W. Fibre saturation point of wood. Nature 1935, 135, 545. [CrossRef]25. Kollmann, F.F.P. Cote, W.A., Jr. Principles of Wood Science and Technology: Solid Wood Springer: Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 1968.26. Swanson, R.H. Whitfield, D.W.A. A numerical analysis of heat pulse velocity and theory. J. Exp. Bot. 1981 ,32, 221–239. [CrossRef]27. Barrett, D.J. Hatton, T.J. Ash, J.E. Ball, M.C. Evaluation of the heat pulse velocity technique for measurement of sap flow in rainforest and eucalypt forest species of south-eastern Australia. Plant Cell Environ. 1995 , 18, 463–469. [CrossRef]28. Biosecurity Queensland. Environmental Weeds of Australia for Biosecurity Queensland Edition Queensland Government: Brisbane, Australia, 2016.29. Steppe, K. de Pauw, D.J.W. Doody, T.M. Teskey, R.O. A comparison of sap flux density using thermaldissipation, heat pulse velocity and heat field deformation methods. Agric. For. Meteorol. 2010 , 150, 1046–1056. [CrossRef]30. López-Bernal, A. Testi, L. Villalobos, F.J. A single-probe heat pulse method for estimating sap velocity in trees. New Phytol. 2017, 216, 321–329. [CrossRef] [PubMed]31. Forster, M.A. How significant is nocturnal sap flow? Tree Physiol. 2014, 34, 757–765. [CrossRef] [PubMed]32. Cohen, Y. Fuchs, M. Falkenflug, V. Moreshet, S. Calibrated heat pulse method for determining water uptake in cotton. Agron. J. 1988, 80, 398–402. [CrossRef]33. Cohen, Y. Takeuchi, S. Nozaka, J. Yano, T. Accuracy of sap flow measurement using heat balance and heat pulse methods. Agron. J. 1993, 85, 1080–1086. [CrossRef]34. Lassoie, J.P. Scott, D.R.M. Fritschen, L.J. Transpiration studies in Douglas-fir using the heat pulse technique. For. Sci. 1977, 23, 377–390.35. Wang, S. Fan, J. Wang, Q. Determining evapotranspiration of a Chinese Willow stand with three-needleheat-pulse probes. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2015, 79, 1545–1555. [CrossRef]36. Bleby, T.M. Burgess, S.S.O. Adams, M.A. A validation, comparison and error analysis of two heat-pulse methods for measuring sap flow in Eucalyptus marginata saplings. Funct. Plant Biol. 2004 , 31, 645–658.[CrossRef]37. Madurapperuma, W.S. Bleby, T.M. Burgess, S.S.O. Evaluation of sap flow methods to determine water use by cultivated palms. Environ. Exp. Bot. 2009, 66, 372–380. [CrossRef]38. Green, S.R. Measurement and modelling the transpiration of fruit trees and grapevines for irrigationscheduling. Acta Hortic. 2008, 792, 321–332. [CrossRef]39. Intrigliolo, D.S. Lakso, A.N. Piccioni, R.M. Grapevine cv. ‘Riesling’ water use in the northeastern UnitedStates. Irrig. Sci. 2009, 27, 253–262. [CrossRef]40. Eliades, M. Bruggeman, A. Djuma, H. Lubczynski, M. Tree water dynamics in a semi-arid, Pinus brutiaforest. Water 2018, 10, 1039. [CrossRef]41. Zhao, C.Y. Si, J.H. Qi, F. Yu, T.F. Li, P.D. Comparative study of daytime and nighttime sap flow of Populus euphratica. Plant Growth Regul. 2017, 82, 353–362. [CrossRef]42. Deng, Z. Guan, H. Hutson, J. Forster, M.A. Wang, Y. Simmons, C.T. A vegetation focused soil-plant-atmospheric continuum model to study hydrodynamic soil-plant water relations. Water Resour. Res. 2017, 53, 4965–4983. [CrossRef]43. Doronila, A.I. Forster, M.A. Performance measurement via sap flow monitoring of three Eucalyptus species for mine site and dryland salinity phytoremediation. Int. J. Phytoremed. 2015, 17, 101–108. [CrossRef]44. López-Bernal, á. Alcántara, E. Villalobos, F.J. Thermal properties of sapwood fruit trees as affected byanatomy and water potential: Errors in sap flux density measurements based on heat pulse methods. Trees2014, 28, 1623–1634. [CrossRef]创新点：HPV茎流量传感器是一款校准型、低成本的热脉冲液流传感器，输出校准液流量、热速、茎水含量、茎温等数据，功耗低，内置加热控制，同时改善了传统的加热方式，其原理采用双方法（DMA）热脉冲法，测量范围：-200~+1000cm/hr(热流速度)或-100~+2000cm3/cm2/hr (茎流通量密度)，可广泛用于于茎流量监测、植物茎流蒸发计算、植物茎流蒸腾量、植物灌溉等植物茎流是树木内部的“水”运动，而蒸腾是从叶片通过光合作用蒸发流出的水分。树液流量和蒸腾量之间有很强的关联性，通常理解是同一回事。但是，严格地说，它们是不同的，这体现在它们是如何被测量的。HPV 植物茎流传感器/植物液流计

2020年10月份，我公司为东北农业大学提供6套HPV-06插针式植物茎流监测采集系统。