咖啡烘焙色度仪

当高质量的咖啡豆被采摘下来后，使之成为极品咖啡的最重要的步骤就是烘焙和混合。After quality coffee beans are obtained, the most important phase of the production of gourmet coffee begins, the roasting and the blending. 烘焙高手必须兼具艺术家的[url=https://insevent.instrument.com.cn/t/bp][color=#3333ff]气质[/color][/url]和科学家的严谨。这样才能保证在烘焙过程中咖啡中所含的糖和其他碳水化合物碳化，从而产生出众所周知的咖啡油脂，产生出高质量、风格一致的好咖啡。从学术上来讲，这种微妙的化学物质并不是真正的油脂（因为它可以溶于水），但它确实是咖啡的芬芳之源。A good roaster must be part artist, and part scientist, to maintain quality and consistency. It is during the roasting process that the sugars and other carbohydrates within the bean become caramelized, creating a substance which is known as the coffee oil. Technically, this fragile chemical is not actually an oil (since it is water soluble), but it is what gives the coffee its flavor and aroma. 专业的咖啡一般都实行小批量的烘焙。最常见的烘焙方法有：鼓室烘焙法和热空气烘焙法。Specialty coffees are generally roasted in small batches. The two most common roasting methods are: drum-roasting and hot-air roasting. 鼓室烘焙机是把咖啡豆放入旋转大桶中，燃烧煤气或木头对其进行烘焙。Drum-type roasting machines roast the coffee beans as they tumble in a rotating drum that is typically heated by gas or wood. 当达到预期的烘培度时，就可以把咖啡豆倒入一个冷却漏斗中，以防止烘焙过度。When the desired roast is achieved, the beans are poured into a cooling hopper to keep them from overcooking. 热空气烘焙机，也叫流态化空气烘焙机，是靠在热空气中翻滚咖啡豆，来进行烘焙。The hot-air roaster, also known as a fluid-bed roaster, roasts the coffee beans as they tumble on a current of hot air. 大多数生咖啡豆都是在近400度的高温下进行烘焙的。在烘焙过程中，咖啡豆的体积会膨胀50％以上，而其重量却会下降。Most green coffee is roasted at approximately 400 degrees. The roasting process causes the coffee beans to swell and increase in size by over 50%, while at the same time greatly reducing their weight. 轻度烘焙的咖啡豆颜色是介于肉桂色与浅巧克力色之间。由于它的味道偏酸，所以一般不被用于制作意式香浓咖啡。A lightly roasted bean may range in color from cinnamon to a light chocolate tan. Lighter roasts are generally not used for espresso since they produce a sharper, more acidic taste than do darker roasts. 深度烘焙，比较而言，苦甜参半的风味更加浓郁。从咖啡豆中提取出来的香味是与烘焙时间成正比的。Darker roasts, in contrast, have a fuller flavor approaching a bittersweet tang. The amount of oil drawn to the surface of the bean increases proportionately to the length of roasting time. 烘焙度越深，咖啡因含量越少，酸度也越小。深度烘焙的咖啡豆颜色介于富有缎面光泽的巧克力色到油亮的棕黑色。烘焙度越深，你所尝到的焦糊感越重，咖啡豆本身的风味越轻。As the roast darkens, caffeine and acidity decrease proportionately. Dark roasts can range in color from a medium chocolate brown with a satin-like luster, to an almost black bean with an oily appearance. The darker the roast the more you will taste the char, rather than the flavor of the bean. 特别深度烘焙的咖啡豆会有一股烟熏的味道，它更适合作一般的咖啡，而不适合作意式香浓咖啡。Extreme dark roasts will tend to have a smoky flavor, and are better suited for brewed coffee rather than espresso. 很多烘焙师都会用以下术语形容不同的烘焙度：肉桂色、中度烘焙、都市风格、完全都市风格、法式风格以及意式风格。Many roasters refer to the following terms concerning the degree of roast, from light to dark: Cinnamon, Medium High, City, Full City, French, and finally, Espresso or Italian roast. 在美国西海岸，“法式风格”经常被用来形容最深度的烘焙。你要知道，这个术语与咖啡的原产地以及咖啡的烘焙地毫无关联。On the West coast of the U.S., French roast is the term generally used to describe the darkest roast. It is important for you to understand that these terms have no relationship to where the coffee is grown or roasted.

现在大家普遍习惯于来杯咖啡提提精神、放松一下，可是有研究表明热处理食品中的天然食品成分通过热降解会生成呋喃，烘焙磨碎的咖啡、速溶咖啡和婴儿加工食品中的呋喃含量都较高， 呋喃对啮齿类动物而言是一种毒性很强的肝毒素和肝致癌物，可导致大鼠和小鼠的肝细胞发生腺瘤和癌变，在≥2mg/kgbw剂量下大鼠胆管癌的发病率较高。 大家还是改喝白开水吧http://simg.instrument.com.cn/bbs/images/brow/em09512.gif

当初爱上你，我的心如六月的飞雪，尽管外面冷冰冰，而里面却暖烘烘。和你在一起，我如白天的老鼠，没有了黑夜的猖狂。努力控制不去看你，却时不时的瞥下那心怡的背影。这是什么，那久远的激情再次涌上心头，熔岩在喷射，在冷凝的一刹那，我醉了。我是冷漠的，我不喜欢笑，坚冰一样的面容，我会失去她的。泪水和汗水的化学本质相同，可我不想用泪水把她换回到我的身边，我要用汗水去为她创造幸福，让她生活在快乐的摇篮里，如果我力竭而死，在天堂我也会微笑着面对天使。苦咖啡的最大作用是延长大脑清醒的时间。我喜欢上了它，我要在清醒的时间里思念她。喝咖啡，要细细品味，品出那份淡雅，品出那分甜涩。我的爱情，我希望它顺其自然的发展。人世浮尘，我们的生命都会有结束的时候，我不想挥霍自己的青春，我不想让自己留下任何的遗憾。咖啡亦如此，感情也这样，不要将它看得太透明，浑浊未必不是一件好事。当流星在夜空划过的瞬间，你看到了它的美丽，你却留不住那份美丽。她没有到来之前，我快乐的如苍穹下的飞鹰，那样的傲慢，那样的自信，我相信我是世界上独一无二的。突然的降临，我慌乱了阵脚，我开始恋爱了。今天是不是精神了许多，我自言自语，这时的我已经在镜子前站了三十分钟，还没有想离去的意念。一如既往的走在校园的林****上，感受绿叶的清新，草的凉爽，我陶醉了。当爱情和咖啡同时放在你的面前，你会选择那一样，我不知道别人，不要说我贪婪，我会选择两样。它们的相同点，你可以一边细品咖啡的苦涩，一边享受爱情的甜蜜。咖啡不会离开我们的生活，而爱情会离开你我。其实，爱一个人，真的是件很寂寞的事情，没有人会喜欢没完没了的寂寞，所以，心底里，我们还是喜欢这样的结局的。虽然，来去匆匆的爱情，总让人怀有无尽的想念，但这种短暂，却更符合人的本性与需求。如果你无法坚持品下一杯咖啡，你可能永远都不可能得到真正的爱情。所以，还是让爱情寂寞下去吧，在静静的一隅，静静地等待一丝的飘逸，在苦涩的瞬间，寻求片刻的甜蜜，就像这杯苦咖啡。