磷酸化雄激素受体抗体

英文名称  Anti-phospho-Androgen Receptor(Ser578) 

中文名称  磷酸化雄激素受体抗体 

别    名  AIS; AIS; ANDR_HUMAN; Androgen receptor (dihydrotestosterone receptor; testicular feminization; spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy; Kennedy disease); Androgen receptor; AR; DHTR; Dihydro Testosterone Receptor; Dihydrotestosterone receptor; HUMARA; HYSP1; HYSP1; KD; NR3C4; Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4; SBMA; SMAX1; Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy; TFM. 

浓    度  1mg/1ml 

规 格  0.1ml/100μg  

抗体来源  Rabbit  

克隆类型  polyclonal 

交叉反应  Human, Mouse, Rat, Chicken, Dog, Pig, Horse, Bovine   

产品类型  一抗  磷酸化抗体   

研究领域  肿瘤 免疫学 信号转导 细胞凋亡 转录调节因子  

蛋白分子量  predicted molecular weight: 101kDa 

性    状  Lyophilized or Liquid 

免 疫 原  KLH conjugated Synthesised phosphopeptide derived from human Androgen Receptor around the phosphorylation site of Ser578 [CG(p-S)CK] 

磷酸化雄激素受体抗体亚    型  IgG 

纯化方法  affinity purified by Protein A 

储 存 液  0.01M PBS, pH 7.4 with 10 mg/ml BSA and 0.1% Sodium azide 

产品应用   WB=1:100-500  ELISA=1:500-1000  IP=1:20-100  IHC-P=1:100-500  IHC-F=1:100-500  IF=1:100-500 

（石蜡切片需做抗原修复） 

 not yet tested in other applications.

 optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.  

保存条件  Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. The lyophilized antibody is stable at room temperature for at least one month and for greater than a year when kept at -20°C. When reconstituted in sterile pH 7.4 0.01M PBS or diluent of antibody the antibody is stable for at least two weeks at 2-4 °C. 

Important Note  This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications. 

磷酸化雄激素受体抗体产品介绍 Androgen receptor (AR) belongs to the super-family of nuclear hormone receptors that employ complex molecular mechanisms to guide the development and physiological functions of their target tissues. In mammals, exposure to androgens early in development is essential for masculinization of the male reproductive phenotype. Androgen stimulation results in cell proliferation in both the development of prostate and malignant prostate. Data from animal and human studies indicate that sex steroids have important skeletal effects. Androgens clearly enhance bone size, likely through effects on periosteal bone formation. Similarly to other steroid receptors, AR is a phosphoprotein, but the functional significance of the covalent receptor modification by phosphorylation has remained enigmatic

Function : Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins. Transcription activation is down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3 and ZIPK/DAPK3. [ENZYME REGULATION] AIM-100 (4-amino-5,6-biaryl-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine) suppresses TNK2-mediated phosphorylation at Tyr-267. Inhibits the binding of the Tyr-267 phosphorylated form to androgen-responsive enhancers (AREs) and its transcriptional activity.

Subunit : Binds DNA as a homodimer. Part of a ternary complex containing AR, EFCAB6/DJBP and PARK7. Interacts with HIPK3 and NR0B2 in the presence of androgen. The ligand binding domain interacts with KAT7/HBO1 in the presence of dihydrotestosterone. Interacts with EFCAB6/DJBP, PELP1, PQBP1, RANBP9, RBAK, SPDEF, SRA1, TGFB1I1, ZNF318 and RREB1. Interacts with ZMIZ1/ZIMP10 and ZMIZ2/ZMIP7 which both enhance its transactivation activity. Interacts with SLC30A9 and RAD54L2/ARIP4. Interacts via the ligand-binding domain with LXXLL and FXXLF motifs from NCOA1, NCOA2, NCOA3, NCOA4 and MAGEA11. The AR N-terminal poly-Gln region binds Ran resulting in enhancement of AR-mediated transactivation. Ran-binding decreases as the poly-Gln length increases. Interacts with HIP1 (via coiled coil domain). Interacts (via ligand-binding domain) with TRIM68. Interacts with TNK2. Interacts with USP26. Interacts with RNF6. Interacts (regulated by RNF6 probably through polyubiquitination) with RNF14; regulates AR transcriptional activity. Interacts with PRMT2 and TRIM24. Interacts with GNB2L1/RACK1. Interacts with RANBP10; this interaction enhances dihydrotestosterone-induced AR transcriptional activity. Interacts with PRPF6 in a hormone-independent way; this interaction enhances dihydrotestosterone-induced AR transcriptional activity. Interacts with STK4/MST1. Interacts with ZIPK/DAPK3. Interacts with LPXN. Interacts with MAK. Part of a complex containing AR, MAK and NCOA3.

Subcellular Location : Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note=Predominantly cytoplasmic in unligated form but translocates to the nucleus upon ligand-binding. Can also translocate to the nucleus in unligated form in the presence of GNB2L1.

Tissue Specificity : Isoform 2 is mainly expressed in heart and skeletal muscle.

Post-translational modifications : Sumoylated on Lys-386 (major) and Lys-520. Ubiquitinated. Deubiquitinated by USP26. 'Lys-6' and 'Lys-27'-linked polyubiquitination by RNF6 modulates AR transcriptional activity and specificity. 

Phosphorylated in prostate cancer cells in response to several growth factors including EGF. Phosphorylation is induced by c-Src kinase (CSK). Tyr-534 is one of the major phosphorylation sites and an increase in phosphorylation and Src kinase activity is associated with prostate cancer progression. Phosphorylation by TNK2 enhances the DNA-binding and transcriptional activity and may be responsible for androgen-independent progression of prostate cancer. Phosphorylation at Ser-81 by CDK9 regulates AR promoter selectivity and cell growth. Phosphorylation by PAK6 leads to AR-mediated transcription inhibition. 

Palmitoylated by ZDHHC7 and ZDHHC21. Palmitoylation is required for plasma membrane targeting and for rapid intracellular signaling via ERK and AKT kinases and cAMP generation.

DISEASE : Defects in AR are the cause of androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) [MIM:300068]; previously known as testicular feminization syndrome (TFM). AIS is an X-linked recessive form of pseudohermaphroditism due end-organ resistance to androgen. Affected males have female external genitalia, female breast development, blind vagina, absent uterus and female adnexa, and abdominal or inguinal testes, despite a normal 46,XY karyotype. 

Defects in AR are the cause of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy X-linked type 1 (SMAX1) [MIM:313200]; also known as Kennedy disease. SMAX1 is an X-linked recessive form of spinal muscular atrophy. Spinal muscular atrophy refers to a group of neuromuscular disorders characterized by degeneration of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord, leading to symmetrical muscle weakness and atrophy. SMAX1 occurs only in men. Age at onset is usually in the third to fifth decade of life, but earlier involvement has been reported. It is characterized by slowly progressive limb and bulbar muscle weakness with fasciculations, muscle atrophy, and gynecomastia. The disorder is clinically similar to classic forms of autosomal spinal muscular atrophy. Note=Caused by trinucleotide CAG repeat expansion. In SMAX1 patients the number of Gln ranges from 38 to 62. Longer expansions result in earlier onset and more severe clinical manifestations of the disease. 

Note=Defects in AR may play a role in metastatic prostate cancer. The mutated receptor stimulates prostate growth and metastases development despite of androgen ablation. This treatment can reduce primary and metastatic lesions probably by inducing apoptosis of tumor cells when they express the wild-type receptor. 

Defects in AR are the cause of androgen insensitivity syndrome partial (PAIS) [MIM:312300]; also known as Reifenstein syndrome. PAIS is characterized by hypospadias, hypogonadism, gynecomastia, genital ambiguity, normal XY karyotype, and a pedigree pattern consistent with X-linked recessive inheritance. Some patients present azoospermia or severe oligospermia without other clinical manifestations.

Similarity : Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily.

Contains 1 nuclear receptor DNA-binding domain.

Database links : UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P10275.2

类固醇受体（Steroid Receptors）

AR是一个由920个氨基酸组成的蛋白质，位于雄激素靶组织细胞中或细胞表面上的特异分子部位或结构。

AR在前列腺癌中起着重要的作用，研究表明AR的表达与组织分型形成一定的相关性 ，AR在高分化的肿瘤中表达较多，而在低分化的肿瘤中表达较少。用于前列腺癌的检测，指导临床治疗，目前可用于乳腺癌、食道癌等各项肿瘤的研究。