The moisture content in insulating oil is generally very low. Using AQUACOUNTER’s Coulometric Karl Fischer titrator AQ serier is a perfect solution for such trace level water measurements,especially by using the EV-2000L Oil/grease evaporator the Karl Fischer reagent can be kept clean for less waste of the reagent.

Water in mineral oil can be determined by direct titration method with Coulometric Karl Fischer titrator AQ-2200 (high-end) or AQ-300 (compact). However, the mineral oils will be suspended in the anode solution when directly injected, resulting in short life of the anode solution and long period for stable background. Using the EV-2000L Oil Evaporator allows only water to be carried into the cell to obtain accurate results with less maintenance.

The amount of chlorides in freezer oils can be determined by silver nitrate titration method by dissolving the sample in organic solvents acidified with nitric acid.

Iopamidol, typically used as contrast media for medical purpose, can be measured by titrating with silver nitrate using the COM series potentiometric Titrator with the silver electrode. The end point is automatically detected at the largest inflection point.

Ferrous ions in chemicals for plating/metal can be measured by titrating with potassium permanganate standard solution. This method is based on redox titration and the end point is determined by AUTO inflection point detection using an optical probe.

Mercuric compounds in sample are broken down and oxidized to mercuric ions by strong acids and oxidant in pretreatment. Mercury is reduced to Hg(0) state by stannous chloride and aerated , then pass through the absorbtion cell to be measured at 253.7nm absorbance based on AAS.

The water content in urea nitrate can be measured by Coulometric Karl Fischer method both of directly and indirectly using the EV-2000 Solid evaporator. In this application note, the direct injection method is described.

①Make an aluminum cup and put it in the evaporation chamber, and then set it to the evaporationchamber base. ②Press the EV start key to start pre-heating. ③Weigh the container involving the sample accurately. ④Press the SAMPLE key, open the stopper and introduce the sample into the evaporation chamber. ⑤ Press the TITRATION key to start titration. ⑥ The difference between the total weight before / after sampling shall be the sample size.Press the S.SIZE/No. key to input the amount of sample added.

Water in acrylate resin solution can be determined by direct titration with AQUACOUNTERⓇ AQ-2100/ AQ-300.

The method of measuring the purity of antispasmodic methylbenactyzium bromide is specified in Pharmacopoeia as quantitative analysis method. In this method, the sample is dissolved in a solvent mixture of acetic anhydride/acetate with perchloric acid titrant. Methylbenactyzium bromide and perchloric acid react one by one ratio quantitatively.

Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and monoethanolamine (MEA) as alkaline components contained in polyamide etching solution can be determined by acid/base titration with hydrochloric acid standard solution.

Water content in tetrahydrofuran is easily determined by directly injecting into the titration cell using the Coulometric AQ series KF Titrators. The coulometric titration method does not require standardization of KF reagents prior to measurements, so the AQ-2200/AQ-300 KF titrators are recommended.

Water in instant adhesive can be determined by　Azeotropic distillation indirect titration with AQUACOUNTERⓇ AQ-2100 /AQ-300 interfaced with Oil Evaporator EV-2000L. This method is very effective to prevent interference from substance of the sample.

本文采用GC7900自动控制阀箱，可以实现气体样品的自动进样和反吹，反吹功能用于消除有机物对分析柱的干扰，并可一次进样用TCD同时检测气体中百分含量的H2、N2、CO、CH4、CO2。

聚氯乙烯中氯乙烯单体的含量必须控制在国家标准范围内，否则长期的接触会引起头晕、头痛、失眠和记忆力减退；还会引起丘疹、手掌角化、脱发现象，严重时会引起肝肾病变甚至致癌。有关聚氯乙烯树脂中氯乙烯单体含量的测定方法都是采用DMF (DMAC)作溶剂，气液平衡顶空进样进行测定。虽然DMF (DMAC)的保留时间比氯乙烯的保留时间大，但往往含有杂质，且这些杂质在色谱柱中的保留时间和氯乙烯单体很接近，所以要求事先对其溶剂进行色谱检验，若有干扰杂质要进行蒸馏纯化，这样就造成了分析过程复杂化。而应用气固平衡顶空进样技术，可消除DMF(DMAC)的杂质干扰，使检测方法简便、快速、准确。