The alkalinity of water is a measure of its capacity to neutralise acids. The alkalinity of natural water is due to the salts of carbonate, bicarbonate, borates, silicates and phosphates along with the hydroxyl ions in free state. However the major portion of the alkalinity in natural waters is caused by hydroxide, carbonate and bicarbonates with may be ranked in order of their association with high pH values. Alkalinity values provide guidance in applying proper doses of chemicals in water and waste water treatment processes, particularly in coagulation and softening. The alkalinity of water (formerly also referred to as „p value“ and „m value“ or acid consumption) is defined as the consumption of hydronium ions up to pH 8.3 and pH 4.5. The results can be expressed as mg/L CaCO3,mmol/l and °dH (Grad deusche Härte/German hardness degree).

Determination of the Lead Conductance value in an toluene extraction from hops or hop pellets using the conductivity titration.

本文采用BAS公司的100B/W型电化学工作站完成了主要的测试工作。EIS谱图主要采用该工作站绘制，同时还利用100B/W测试了传感器的响应电流。本文的主要目的在于描述一种应用阻抗谱技术的直接测量葡萄糖的固定化酶复合传感器。该传感器使用了来自于E大肠杆菌的D-葡萄糖/葡糖酸受体，将其N-端还原后，利用Au-S键的化学稳定性，将受体蛋白固定于Au颗粒表面，这是本文描述的传感器的生化学基础。当葡萄糖与蛋白质结合后，阻抗信号可以反映出配体诱导区的伸展运动。文章初步描述了阻抗谱技术与外周胞质结合蛋白联合使用，作为小分子检测的通用手段的应用前景。

Potentiometric determination of silver in silver or alloys. After dissolving in concentrated nitric acid the sample is titrated with NaCl (or KBr) using a silver combination electrode.

Determination of water in Urea to Karl-Fischer by titroline alpha plus made by schott instruments.

The ammonium nitrogen contained in the water sample is distilled in the form of ammonia (NH3) from a weak base solution, caught in a boric-acid solution, and determined on a measurement-analytical basis.

Determination of basic constituents in petroleum products by potentiometric titration with perchloric acid in glacial acetic acid. The total base number (TBN) is the quantity of perchloric acid, expressed in terms of equivalent number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (or alternatively in milli-equivalents of hydroxide per gram), that is required to neutralize all basic constitutents present in 1 g of sample when titrated under the prescribed conditions.

Titration of Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium with Cetylpyridinium chloride using a photometric sensor

The acidity concentration in food and beverages samples is determined with a potentiometric titration to 8.2 using NaOH as titrant.

As the acidity has a major influence on the taste of the product, this parameter is used to test the quality of bread. As the acidity of bread increases with the storage time, this parameter is also a means of checking storage conditions.

Cimps是Zahner公司潜心研发的光电化学测试设备，是世界上第一套系统的将各种光电化学测试技术集合到一起的仪器。由于目前该仪器对于国内的用户还比较陌生，所以我们特别将Zahner公司与德国某大学合作的科研结果介绍给大家。希望可以起到抛砖引玉的作用，让目前世界上最热门的动态光电化学测试技术尽快在国内得到普及。这是一份现场报告的摘要，里面简要介绍了在光照条件下采用EIS技术测试不同的光电极的反应性质的过程及结论，从中可以看到，Cimps实际上是采用光信号作为激发信号的阻抗谱技术，所以它可以用于研究光电极的动态工作状况（类似于采用EIS技术研究电极的工作状况）。最后，通过运用拟合技术还可以研究光电极的能量结构，这是Cimps对IMVS/IMPS等技术的扩展与深化。

通过PCA(反溶剂方法),固体样品溶解到有机溶剂中,利用超临界流体的原理可以获得干燥的,具有生物活性的颗粒.例如蛋白,酶,多肽等的超细微粒制备.

Biotage 是把钯催化专利技术用于微波合成的先锋，具有 Suzuki，heck, Stille 类型的化学反应的催化专利的拥有者。所以Biotage的每一台微波合成仪都拥有钯催化专利技术的合法权力。

使用气相硅，CPEs展示了高的电导特性，机械强度和锂稳定的界面 ， 气相硅的表面集团决定了CPE的力学性能,同时低分子量的 PEO 和锂盐决定了离子的传导特性,CPEs表明了作为新一代锂电池电解液的优点.

摘 要:用研制的传感器对模拟电厂海水循环冷却系统的黄铜管进行了电化学阻抗谱和电化学噪声测试。电化学阻抗谱测试结果表明，缓蚀剂能够在金属表面上形成保护性膜层抑制腐蚀过程。流速提高时溶液中氧的扩散速度提高，使缓蚀剂在金属表面上的成膜作用加强，腐蚀速度降低。电化学噪声测试结果表明，提高流速对HSn70-1管局部腐蚀敏感性影响不大，而HAl77-2管在较高流速下局部腐蚀敏感性提高，表明电化学噪声能用于循环冷却系统黄铜管的腐蚀监测。流速对逆水流放置的传感器影响大于顺水流放置，因此实际应用时传感器应顺水流放置，以减小流速的影响。研究结果表明，所研制的传感器适用于动态条件下黄铜管的电化学测试。 关键词：黄铜管，海水， 电化学阻抗谱，电化学噪声

TiO2有良好的化学稳定性和反应性，为目前最常被研究的半导体光触媒，其结构可因合成条件的改变而变化。TiO2有良好的化学稳定性和反应性，为目前最常被研究的半导体光触媒，其结构可因合成条件的改变而变化。

In this paper, electrochemical behavior of a diphtheria immunosensor modified with nano-size conductor and semiconductor, as a mode of silica/gold/silver nanoparticles, has been investigated.

Ni pattern anodes with triple phase boundary (tpb) lengths varying between 0.04 and 4 m/cm were prepared by photolithography.

Electrochemical measurements were used for understanding and explaining the changes in the coating of polymer coated steel during sterilisation, and the corrosion mechanism observed visually in the saline sterilisation test.

Iron oxide/oxyhydroxide thin films are currently being investigated for their applications in photoelectrochemical solar cells for solar energy conversion, sensors, catalysts, Li batteries, and electrochemical capacitors.

In this paper, the formation mechanism of the passive SEI film at the natural graphite anodes was investigated with the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

Isocyanate prepolymers can readily react with oxidic functional groups on carbon black. Different prepolymers were examined for their grafting behaviour. In carbon black grafted with di-isocyanates, reactive isocyanate groups are available for cross-linking to a polyurethane system.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to study electrochemical behaviors during intercalation of Li1 into graphitized carbon anode.

A novel kind of electrode material, rod-shaped MnO2, was synthesized under high viscosity for the first time.

New polymer electrolytes based on acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate-styrene (AMS) terpolymers were prepared using binary plasticizing solvents consisting of ethylene carbonate (EC) /dimethyl carbonate (DMC) or EC/Y-butylolactone (Y-BL).

The complete ac impedance spectrum of four bipolar membranes is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally taking into account both ionic transport and water dissociation together with the structural aspects of the bipolar junction.

The effect of nitrate ions on the electrochemical behaviour of iron (ferrite) and two carbon steels (martensite and pearlite) in sulphate solutions of different pH values was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

A model that can be used to interpret the response of a dye-sensitized photo electrode to intensity-modulated light (intensity modulated voltage spectroscopy, IMVS and intensity modulated photo-current spectroscopy, IMPS) is presented.

The inhibitive effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ~CTAB! on copper corrosion in aerated H2SO4 solutions was investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ~EIS! and potentiodynamic polarization techniques.

Two fundamental scaling effects in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system are being discussed—scaling of flow channel size and catalyst particle size.