环形力传感器

近日，来自中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所、中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所、中国科学技术大学、法国蓝海岸大学法国滨海大学的联合研究团队发表了一种基于法拉第旋转光谱的、采用环形阵列永磁体NO2传感器。Recently, the joint research team from Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, and Université du Littoral Cô te d’Opale published a NO2 Sensor Based on Faraday Rotation Spectroscopy Using Ring Array Permanent Magnets.法拉第旋转光谱（FRS）通过检测沉浸在外部纵向磁场中的气体介质所引起的线偏振光偏振状态的变化，从而实现对顺磁分子的高选择性和高灵敏度检测。该光谱检测方法对水汽、CO2等抗磁性分子具有天然的免疫力，这使得其表现出高度的样品特异性。同时，由于采用了一对相互接近正交的偏振器极大抑制了激光噪声，因此法拉第旋转光谱具有非常高的检测灵敏度。Farraday Rotational Spectroscopy (FRS) achieves highly selective and sensitive detection of paramagnetic molecules by detecting the changes in polarization state of linearly polarized light induced by the gas medium immersed in an external longitudinal magnetic field. This spectroscopic detection method exhibits inherent immunity to diamagnetic molecules such as water vapor and CO2, which results in a high degree of sample specificity. Additionally, the implementation of a pair of closely spaced orthogonal polarizers effectively suppresses laser noise, thus providing FRS with a very high detection sensitivity.通常情况下，使用螺线管提供纵向磁场来产生磁光效应。然而，这种方法存在功耗过大和易受电磁干扰的缺点。研究团队提出了一种基于钕铁硼永磁体环形阵列和Herriott多次通过吸收池相结合的新型FRS方法。根据磁场的空间分布特性，使用14个相同的钕铁硼永磁体环以非等距形式组合，产生纵向磁场。在长度为380毫米的范围内，平均磁场强度为346高斯。宁波海尔欣光电科技有限公司为该项目提供了前置放大制冷一体型碲镉汞红外探测器（HPPD-B-08-10-150 K)，项目团队使用量子级联激光器以40毫瓦的光功率，针对最佳的441 ← 440 Q支氮氧化物跃迁（1613.25 cm–1，6.2 μm）。与Herriott多次通过吸收池耦合，积分时间为70秒，实现了0.4 ppb的最低检测限。实验结果也表明，低功耗FRS二氧化氮传感器有望发展成为一个稳健的现场可部署的环境监测系统。Usually, a solenoid coil is used to provide a longitudinal magnetic field to produce the magneto-optical effect. However, such a method has the disadvantages of excessive power consumption and susceptibility to electromagnetic interference. The research team proposed a novel FRS approach based on a combination of a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet ring array and a Herriott multipass absorption cell is proposed. A longitudinal magnetic field was generated by using 14 identical neodymium iron boron permanent magnet rings combined in a non-equidistant form according to their magnetic field’s spatial distribution characteristics. The average magnetic field strength within a length of 380 mm was 346 gauss. HealthyPhoton Co.,Ltd provided an integrated TE-cooled mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) infrared detector with front-end amplification(HPPD-B-08-10-150 K) for this project. A quantum cascade laser was used to target the optimum 441 ← 440 Q-branch nitrogen dioxide transition at 1613.25 cm–1 (6.2 μm) with an optical power of 40 mW. Coupling to a Herriott multipass absorption cell, a minimum detection limit of 0.4 ppb was achieved with an integration time of 70 s. The low-power FRS nitrogen dioxide sensor proposed in this work is expected to be developed into a robust field-deployable environment monitoring system.静态磁场法拉第旋转光谱传感装置Static magnetic field Faraday rotation spectral sensing device海尔欣前置放大制冷一体型碲镉汞红外探测器（HPPD-B-08-10-150 K)Integrated preamplifier and cryocooler type mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) infrared detector环形阵列永磁体及其纵向磁场分布特征Circular array permanent magnets and their longitudinal magnetic field distribution characteristics(a) 对于等距离的NdFeB永磁环阵列，模拟得到了中央纵向磁场的分布情况。(b) 对于非等距离的NdFeB永磁环阵列，模拟得到了中央纵向磁场的分布情况（黑线），并进行了实测（红线）。(c) 示意图显示了Herriott腔和非等距离的NdFeB永磁环阵列的配置。(a) Simulated distribution of the central longitudinal magnetic field for an equidistant NdFeB permanent magnet ring array (b) simulated (black line) and measured (red line) distributions of the central longitudinal magnetic field for a non-equidistant NdFeB permanent magnet ring array (c) schematic configuration of the Herriott cell and the non-equidistant NdFeB permanent magnet ring array.法拉第旋转光谱信号及其信噪比与检偏器偏转角度的变化关系The Relationship between FRS signal and its SNR and the Deflection Angle of the Polarizer(a) 法拉第旋转光谱信号幅度(b) SNR作为分析器角度α的函数(a) FRS signal amplitude and (b) SNR as a function of the analyzer angle α.Reference:Yuan Cao, Kun Liu, Ruifeng Wang, Xiaoming Gao, Ronghua Kang, Yunting Fang, Weidong Chen，NO2 Sensor Based on Faraday Rotation Spectroscopy Using Ring Array Permanent Magnets, Anal. Chem. 2023, 95, 2, 1680–1685https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04821Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society

近日，来自中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所、先进激光技术安徽省实验室、中国科学技术大学、法国滨海大学大气物理化学实验室联合研究团队发表了《基于钕铁硼环形磁体阵列的双中红外波长法拉第旋转光谱NOx传感器》论文。Recently, the joint research team from Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l′ Atmosph`ere, Universit´ e du Littoral C&circ ote d′ Opale, published an academic papers Dual mid-infrared wavelength Faraday rotation spectroscopy NOx sensor based on NdFeB ring magnet array.氮氧化物（NOx，包括二氧化氮（NO2）和一氧化氮（NO））是对流层臭氧的重要前体，同时也影响羟基和过氧基自由基的浓度。大多数气态化合物在被氧化和从空气中去除或转化成其他化学物质时，都会直接或间接接触到NOx。在典型的羟基自由基水平下，NOx的寿命取决于季节和光化学反应速率，通常为几小时。根据IPCC第六次评估报告，NOx的排放导致净正向变暖，因为它既形成短期臭氧（变暖），又破坏环境甲烷（冷却）。此外，NOx还导致酸沉降以及化学烟雾和气溶胶的形成。NO和NO2在大气光化学反应中起着核心作用，针对它们的检测有助于理解这两种气体的来源和去向，以及研究陆地生态系统与大气之间的NOx交换通量。Nitrogen oxides (NOx, the sum of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitric oxide (NO)) are important precursors of tropospheric ozone, and they also influence the concentration of hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals. Most of the compounds that are oxidized and removed from the air or converted to other chemical species are in direct or indirect contact with NOx. At typical hydroxyl radical levels, the life time of NOx depends on the season and the photochemical reaction rate, which is typically a few hours. According to the IPCC sixth assessment report, the emissions of NOx result in net-positive warming from the formation of short-term ozone (warming) and the destruction of ambient methane (cooling). Additionally, NOx contributes to acid deposition and the formation of chemical smog and aerosols. Since NO and NO2 play a central role in atmospheric photochemical reactions, their simultaneous detection helps to understand the sources and sinks of these two gases, in addition to studying the NOx exchange fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere.化学发光检测（NO + O3 → NO2 + O2 + hν）是测量NOx的传统方法。在通过化学发光反应（Mo + 3NO2 → MoO3 + 3NO）测量之前，NO2首先需要在高温（~325°C）下转化为NO。虽然这种方法被广泛使用，但其他氧化氮化合物，如过乙酰亚硝酸酯（PAN）和硝酸（HNO3），可能会在测量NOx浓度时引起交叉干扰。同时，这种方法不能区分NO和NO2。红外吸收法也可用于测量NO和NO2。在这种方法中，通常需要通过转化器将NO2还原为NO。由于NO和NO2是顺磁分子，法拉第旋转光谱（FRS）可以用作实现其高度敏感和选择性检测的潜在方法。FRS通过检测气态介质在纵向磁场中引起的光偏振状态的变化，实现对物种浓度的高灵敏度检测。该方法通过测量光学色散实现气体浓度的检测，因此其动态测量范围比基于比尔-兰伯定律的吸收光谱（动态范围上限≤10%）更大。FRS的另一个重要优势是它对于抗磁性分子（如水和二氧化碳）具有较强的抗干扰能力，从而使其具有高样品特异性。Chemiluminescence detection (NO+O3→NO2+O2+hν) is the conventional method for measuring NOx. NO2 first needs to be converted to NO at high temperature (~325 ◦ C) before it can be measured by chemiluminescence reaction (Mo+3NO2→MoO3+3NO). Although this method is more widely used, other oxidized nitrogen compounds, such as peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and nitric acid (HNO3), can cause cross-interference in the measurement of NOx concentrations. Simultaneously, this method is non-selective in discriminating between NO and NO2. The infrared absorption method can also be used for NO and NO2 measurements. In this method, NO2 usually needs to be reduced to NO by the converter. As NO and NO2 are paramagnetic molecules, Faraday rotation spectroscopy (FRS) can be used as a potential method to achieve their highly sensitive and selective detection. FRS enables highly sensitive detection of species concentrations by detecting changes in the polarization state of light induced by a gaseous medium immersed in a longitudinal magnetic field. This method realizes the detection of gas concentration by measuring optical dispersion, so it has a higher dynamic measurement range than absorption spectroscopy (dynamic range upper limit ≤10%) based on Beer-Lambert law. Another significant advantage of FRS is that it is reasonably immune to diamagnetic species (e.g., water and carbon dioxide), which allows it to exhibit high sample specificity. 大多数这些报道的FRS传感器使用螺线管提供外部纵向磁场，从而导致能耗高和产生过多焦耳热。同时产生目标磁场所需的高电流交流电路会产生不受控制的电磁干扰（EMI），通常会降低FRS传感器的长期稳定性。此外，当前报道的FRS传感器只能在吸收池中进行单组分测量，不能满足复杂环境中同时进行多组分测量的需求。Most of these reported FRS sensors use solenoid coils to provide an external longitudinal magnetic field, which makes them suffer from high power consumption and excessive Joule heat generation. The high-current alternating current circuit required to generate the target magnetic field produces uncontrolled electromagnetic interference (EMI), which usually deteriorates the long-term stability of the FRS sensors. In addition, the currently reported FRS sensors are only capable of single-component measurements in the absorption cell and cannot meet the demand for simultaneous multi-component measurements in complex environments.在本研究中，提出了一种新型的低能耗FRS传感器，基于钕铁硼（NdFeB）环形磁体阵列，实现在单个吸收池中同时检测NO和NO2。分析了同轴双波长赫里奥特池（DWHC）的环形磁体阵列的磁场分布特性。使用两台室温连续波中红外量子级联激光器（QCL），波长分别为5.33 µ m（1875.81 cm&minus 1）和6.2 µ m（1613.25 cm&minus 1），同时探测DWHC内的磁光效应。通过对激光波长进行高频调制，有效抑制了1/f噪声。优化了双波长FRS NOx传感器的性能，包括调制幅度、调制频率、样品气压和分析器偏置角。本研究提出的FRS传感器为现场可部署的微量气体检测设备提供了理想解决方案。宁波海尔欣光电科技有限公司为此研究提供了HPPD-M-B 前置放大制冷一体型碲镉汞（MCT）光电探测器，用以分别检测2个激光束。In the present work, a novel low-power FRS sensor based on a neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) ring magnet array was proposed to achieve simultaneous detection of NO and NO2 in a single absorption cell. The magnetic field distribution characteristics of a ring magnet array coaxial to a dual-wavelength Herriott cell (DWHC) were analyzed. Two room-temperature continuous wave mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (QCL) with wavelengths of 5.33 µ m (1875.81 cm&minus 1) and 6.2 µ m (1613.25 cm&minus 1), respectively, were used simultaneously to probe magneto-optical effects within the DWHC. The 1/f noise was effectively suppressed by high-frequency modulation of the laser wavelength. The performance of the dual-wavelength FRS NOx sensor was optimized with respect to modulation amplitude, modulation frequency, sample gas pressure, and analyzer offset angle. The FRS sensor proposed in this work provides a preferable solution for field deployable trace gas detection equipment. The laser detected by two TEC-cooled mid-infrared thermoelectrically cooled mercury-cadmium- telluride (MCT) photodetectors (Healthy Photon, model HPPD-B- 10–150 K).(a) Schematic diagram of the dual mid-infrared wavelength FRS NOx sensor based on a NdFeB ring magnet array (b) Optical layout of the FRS NOx sensor.thermoelectrically cooled mercury-cadmium- telluride (MCT) photodetectors (Healthy Photon, model HPPD-B- 10–150 K),结论本研究开发了一种基于NdFeB环形磁铁阵列的双中红外波长FRS传感器，用于同时检测NO2和NO。在光学路径长度为23.7米，积分时间为100秒的条件下，NO2和NO的检测限分别为0.58 ppb和0.95 ppb。高频激光波长调制与外部静态磁场相结合，最大程度地减小了低频噪声对FRS信号的影响。基于有限元方法分析了使用的永磁体阵列的磁场分布特性，帮助确定与其耦合的吸收池长度。采用双波长赫里奥特池放大两种不同偏振光波长与氮氧化物分子之间的相互作用，从而实现了在单个吸收池内对两种顺磁分子的高灵敏度检测。本文提出的FRS NOx传感器在大气环境监测或生态系统NOx通量观测等领域，具有进一步发展成为便携式、可在实地使用的仪器的巨大潜力。Conclusion In this work, a dual mid-infrared wavelength FRS sensor based on a NdFeB ring magnet array was developed for the simultaneous detection of NO2 and NO. The detection limits for NO2 and NO were 0.58 ppb and 0.95 ppb, respectively, at an optical path length of 23.7 m and an integration time of 100 s. High frequency laser wavelength modulation was combined with an external static magnetic field to minimize the effect of low frequency noise on the FRS signal. The magnetic field distribution characteristics of the used permanent magnet array were analyzed based on the finite element method, which helped to determine the length of the absorption cell coupled to it. A dual-wavelength Herriott cell was used to amplify the interaction between two different wavelengths of linearly polarized light and nitrogen oxide molecules, thus achieving highly sensitive detection of two paramagnetic molecules within a single absorption cell. The FRS NOx sensor presented in this work shows great potential for further development into a portable, field-deployable instrument with applications in atmospheric environmental monitoring or ecosystem NOx flux observation. (a) Schematic diagram of a dual-wavelength Herriott cell (DWHC) with a NdFeB ring magnet array (b) Characteristics of the magnetic inductance line distribution around a NdFeB ring magnet array (c) Ray tracing results in a DWHC (d) Spot distribution on a concave mirror.Optimization of laser modulation frequency for the dual mid-infrared wavelength FRS NOx sensor.Optimization of laser modulation amplitude for the dual mid-infrared wavelength FRS NOx sensor.(a), (b) Measured FRS NOx signal as a function of analyzer angle (c), (d) Calculated FRS NOx noise as a function of analyzer angle (e), (f) Calculated SNR as a function of analyzer angle.Measured FRS NOx signal amplitude as a function of sample pressure.(a) , (b) FRS signals for different concentrations of NOx (c), (d) Linear dependence of FRS signal amplitude as a function of NOx concentration.Allan deviation plot of the dual mid-infrared wavelength FRS NOx sensor.Reference:Yuan Cao, Kun Liu, Ruifeng Wang, Guishi Wang, xiaoming Gao, Weidong Chen，Dual mid-infrared wavelength Faraday rotation spectroscopy NOx sensor based on NdFeB ring magnet array, Sensors & Actuators: B. Chemical 388 (2023) 133805https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2023.133805

便携式明渠流量计比对装置采用磁致伸缩传感器的好处在哪里？HJ355-2019水污染源在线监测系统中明确指出。每季度至少使用便携式明渠流量计比对装置对现场安装的超声波明渠流量计进行至少1次的比对测试，比对结果不符合要求的，按要求多现场的超声波明渠流量计进行校准，校准完成后再进行比对。同时要求便携式明渠流量计采用磁致伸缩传感器加标注流量计算公式的方法进行比对。、其中液位比对中要求，比对装置的液位精度≤1mm，每2min读取一次数据，连续读取6次，安装公式完成比对误差计算。液位比对误差=|第n次明渠流量比对装置测试液位值-第n次超声波明渠流量计测量液位值|其次流量比对要求明渠流量比对装置与现场流量计测量统一水位观测断面处的瞬间流量，进行比对。且在数值稳定后，10min内读取该时间段的累计流量，按公式计算误差.流量比对误差=（明渠流量比对装置累积流量-超声波明渠流量计累积流量）/明渠流量比对装置累积流量一般以月为段位，明渠流量比对装置对某一时间点进行流量测试，明渠超声波流量计的比对。如何快速准确地对明渠污水流量计进行验收？这是现今遇到的一大难题。解决这个难题就需要考虑以下几方面：1.比对时间，比对工具与现场的明渠流量计是否是实时比对，同一时刻，统一数据。否则不同时间节点的数据是没有对比性的。2.XY-6800R比对工具测试的数据是否准确。比对数据的数据可靠性及精度是衡量计量仪器的一个重要指标。不应该受到环境影响测量精度，如雾霾，沙城爆，强光，泡沫，结露等。常规的超声波流量计测试不能避免这些因素。目前采取磁致伸缩传感器能有效避免这些困扰。测试时，电路单元产生电流脉冲，该脉冲沿着磁致伸缩线向下传输，并产生一个环形的磁场。在探测杆外配有浮子，浮子沿探测杆随着液位的变化从上而下移动。由于浮子内装有一组永磁铁，所以浮子同时产生一个磁场。当磁场与浮子磁场相遇时，产生一个扭曲脉冲，或称“返回”脉冲，将“返回”脉冲与电流脉冲的时间转换成脉冲信号 ，从而计算出浮子的实际位置，测得液位 通过无线模块将液位传到计算机。利用内置堰槽参数计算出流量。为什么XY-6800R明渠流量比对系统要选择磁致伸缩传感器？主要原因：1.测量精度高2.抗干扰性强3.寿命长4.性能可靠5.可进行多点，多参数的液位测试，免校准，免维护。磁致伸缩液位传感器输出的液面和界面信号主要分为模拟量和串口两种形式，串口为RS485/232形式，模拟量为4～20mA电流模拟信号，对应量程为0～1m。输出的串口或者模拟信号通过屏蔽电缆传送至主板，主板通过内集成电路将接收到的串口信号或者模拟信号转换成为数字量在文本显示器上显示，由于在线监控过程中存在电机或泵等执行设备运行产生的干扰信号，且现场信号的采集点与控制柜之间存在距离问题，为减少信号在传输过程中受到干扰，故要使用优质的屏蔽电缆线。青岛新业环保科技有限公司是一家集环保科研，设计，生产，维护，销售为一体的综合性实地厂家。青岛凌恒环境科技有限公司属于江苏凌恒环境科技有限公司青岛分公司，主要业务范围：在线水质监测仪销售服务。服务承诺：客户的需求放在首位,“今天的质量、明天的市场、服务到永远”是我们新业环保公司为客户服务的准则，并将其贯穿到研发、生产、安装、销售及售后服务的各个环节中。公司郑重承诺：完善沟通协调机制：通过加强沟通交流，提高信息传递的及时性，准确性，深入市场，倾听用户心声了解客户仪器设备的需求。我公司承 诺：按质、按量、按时完成所供产品的生产任务，并及时将产品运到用户需求现场，确保正常运转。全过程监控：客户只需一个电 话，售后服务部采用一站式模式、全面负责制、全程监控实施并跟踪处理结果，确保客户满意。