采用极化直接观察纳米光子特征 Rotating plate polarimeter consisting of a quarter-wave plate (QWP) and linear polarizer (LP) • Polarization is different for every emission angle • Correction for the mirror to go from detector to sample plane

While most of the time perovskites are grown in a more traditional shape of thin-films and nanocrystals, it was discovered recently that with the use of carbonate salts perovskite materials can take a large variety of complex 3D shapes.

自动旋转QWP，LP，软件自动纠正偏差， 直接成像 Light is a transverse electromag- netic wave: the electric and mag- netic fields that compose the light wave always oscillate trans- versely to the propagation direc- tion. Besides color (energy) and momentum (propagation direc- tion), light is also characterized by a polarization which describes in what direction these electro- magnetic fields oscillate. If the electromagnetic oscillations re- main in the same plane, the po- larization is referred to as linear but this plane can also rotate while the wave is propagating. In that case, the polarization is elliptical which can be either left- (anti-clockwise) or right-handed (clockwise) depending on the direction of rotation (circular polarization is a special case of elliptical polarization).

斯坦福大学与荷兰AMOLF Polman教授课题组采用纳米光学技术在光伏结构设计应用， 利用阴极发光实现纳米尺度光学3D重构。 文章发表在nature nanotechnology杂志。视频简要介绍其中的机理。