应用乙炔黑还原高锰酸钾直接制备二氧化锰/C复合材料，研究其电化学性能，实验证明，二氧化锰/C复合材料具有良好的电化学电容特性！ 只做学术交流，不做其他任何商业用途，版权归原作者所有！

理化有限公司与东莞理工大学、华南理工大学的研究者们合作，在CHEMELECTROCHEM期刊上，发表了ORR测试的封面论文。 研究者们以3种常见的ORR催化剂为研究对象（Pt/C、Fe-N-C和NCNTs），考察了不同因素（催化剂负载量，电解液类型、浓度及纯度，通气方式和通气流速，电解池气密性等）对ORR极限电流密度的影响。结果表明，催化剂负载量和通气方式（F型砂芯气管效果好）对极限电流密度的影响大，电解液和电解池气密性对极限电流密度也有一定的影响。研究结果为ORR测试标准化提供了一定的参考。

采用美国PINE公司的WaveDriver200电化学工作站，分别进行LPR线性极化电阻测试、Tafel曲线测试和EIS交流阻抗测试，防腐蚀效果评价：复合膜>硅烷膜>空白样品。 用做介质和流体输送的管型铝材，譬如用作输送冰箱、冰柜制冷剂等，由于长期处于或易暴露在腐蚀的环境下，极易被腐蚀而导致介质的泄露和其它安全事故的发生，因此使用前必须对管型铝材进行防腐预处理。 采用电化学测试手段来评价铝管表面复合膜层的耐蚀性能。在自制三电极体系中，将试样制成暴露面积为1 cm2的工作电极，对电极为铂片电极，参比电极为饱和甘汞电极。利用美国PINE公司的WaveDriver200电化学工作站分别对试样在3.5% NaCl溶液中进行LPR线性极化电阻测试、Tafel曲线测试和EIS交流阻抗测试，试验时系统温度控制在25±2℃。

电化学测试尤其是电催化如ORR氧还原测试、OER氧析出、HER氢析出测试等与燃料电池的效率密切相关，过电势是一个很关键的指标，其中工作电极与参比电极之间的电阻Ru，如果不扣除，则会增大过电势。本技术方案介绍了用电化学工作站测试Ru的几种方法，如EIS交流阻抗法、CI电流中断法、PF正反馈法、CSCA循环计时电流法，并比较了几种方法的优劣。测量Ru后，再进行IR补偿扣除，可以提高测试效果。有助于大家科研。

理化公司无源、负刚度隔振技术解决航空低频隔振难题 日前，理化公司采用无源、负刚度隔振技术解决了北京航天航空大学真空、旋转的环境下的低频隔振需求。 北京航天航空大学某课题组的研究，目标是解决太空领域的相关技术难题，根据太空环境的特点，课题研究不仅需要避免高频振动的影响，难点在于如何消除低频的振动带来的干扰因素，同时隔振设备要能在旋转的环境中使用。因此，如何在真空、旋转的环境下实现低频减振成为了课题研究能否进行的先决条件。 据此，理化公司分析了其真空、旋转的环境，结合产品特点，为其定制了一套无源隔振方案，这套解决方案不仅可以消除高频振动的影响，而且可以实现0.5-1 Hz或更低频率振动的影响，不受其旋转环境的影响，同时负载也可以高达几吨。 之所以提供无源隔振是因为航空领域对隔振效果要求极高，需要实现低频隔振，同时要适应其旋转的环境。而目前其他的隔振技术最优的隔振效果也只能达到1.5-2.5 Hz，而理化公司提供的无源隔振方案不需要电源和气源，采用负刚度组件实现隔振，不仅可以实现高频隔振，而且能解决低频隔振的难题，实现0.5-1 Hz或更低的谐振频率，同时负载也可以高达几吨。 从此案例可以看出，理化公司很好的应用了无源负刚度技术为客户提供了定制隔振解决方案。在隔振领域理化公司拥有专业的服务人员，会在客户提出需求后，根据现场情况，量身定做解决方案，尤其适合精密仪器和特殊环境的要求，比如真空等环境。 理化公司无源、负刚度隔振技术在航空航天领域得到了广泛的应用，其使用效果如下图所示，不仅解决了高频的振动，同时解决了难度更大的低频振动带来的影响，可实现0.5-1 Hz或更低。 理化公司是MinusK隔振平台在国内的代理商，其产品在显微镜微观领域、光学领域、生物学领域、航天航空等领域应用广泛，为科研提供了更精密的实验环境。MinusK产品的特点即是无源，无需提供电源和气源，采用负刚度技术，不仅可以实现高频隔振，而且能解决难度更大的低频隔振，可实现0.5-1 Hz或更低频率的隔振，负载从几十公斤到几吨，均可在真空和洁净室使用。

Alumina dissolution in cryolitic electrolytes has been a subject of intensive studies, and its relation to the alumina physical properties had been attempted through various studies over past decades as reported in the open literature. The findings from these reported lab studies have been proved to be difficult to relate alumina dissolution rate in industrial operating cells due to lack of similarities between the two settings. Alcoa has been using a different experimental approach to measure alumina dissolution rate to monitor ore quality changes for providing necessary information to our smelting operations. This paper briefly describes the background for alumina dissolution studies, experimental setup and procedures for measuring dissolution rate. Some comparison results of typical good and bad alumina ores in term of dissolution rate are presented.

Autolab PGSTAT 鄄30 型电化学系统(Eco Echemine BV 公司, 荷兰), Model 616 型旋转圆盘电极(Pine 公司, 美国)为直径3 mm 的玻碳电极. 电化学实验采用三电极体系, 圆盘电极为工作电极, 大面积铂电极为辅助电极, 参比电极为饱和甘汞电极(SCE), 文中的电位值均相对SCE. 十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(C12H25N(CH3)3Br, 上海源聚生物科技有限公司), 所用试剂均为分析纯, 溶液均为二次蒸馏水配制. 1.2 实验方法 实验前, 首先对玻碳电极进行如下预处理: 依次用5# 金相砂纸, 0.5 滋m 的Al2O3 抛光粉抛光, 用二次蒸馏水冲洗, 然后浸于丙酮中超声波清洗, 在 0.5 mol•L-1 H2SO4 溶液中-0.2 -0.9V 电位范围内进行循环伏安扫描活化60 个循环, 扫描速率为50 mV•s-1. 以0.1 mol•L-1 Na2SO4 为支持电解质, 0.1 mol•L-1 H2SO4 和0.1 mol•L-1 NaOH 用于调节溶液的pH 值. 所有实验均在室温下进行. 2 结果与讨论 2.1 DTAB 对氧还原的促进作用 图1 为氧在旋转圆盘玻碳电极上, 以1600r•m-1 的转速及5 mV•s-1 的扫描速率, 得到的线性电位扫描图. 图中曲线(a) 是在不含DTAB 的溶液中通N2 除氧后的线性扫描伏安曲线, 可以看出, 在较正的电位范围内没有出现氧的还原峰, 且反应电流值较低, 在负于-0.7V 后, 才出现析氢电流; （转载自 维普资讯，全文链接：http://www.cqvip.com/qk/92644X/200804/27101369.html）

uestions often arise as to how much residual biodegradable matter remains in sludges from biological processes after previous treatment has been completed( EPA’s F-bio test). In one case, sludge samples were removed from two facultative lagoons. Tests were conducted to determine the methane potential remaining in the sludges and to determine if the sludges were suitable for land spreading. Samples of the sludge containing 20.5 and 22.7 g VSS were transferred to respective reaction vessels and methane production was measured over a period of 18 days. Methane production ranged from 120 mL in one sample to 160 in the second sample as shown in the Figure below. The gas production rate was high for only about 2 days and then leveled off to a rate of about 4 mL/day. The COD conversion equivalent of the produced gas was only about 0.3 to 0.4 g per sample, thereby representing VSS conversions of 1.47 and 1.76 %. The sludge was then deemed to be suitable for land application without further treatment. 微生物降解呼吸仪链接：http://www.instrument.com.cn/netshow/SH101516/C121937.htm#

图A：加入混合液后，OUR增加，降解毒性 图B：加入混合液，OUR减少，潜在毒性 图A：加入混合液后，OUR增加，降解毒性 图B：加入混合液，OUR减少，潜在毒性 图A：加入混合液后，OUR增加，降解毒性 图B：加入混合液，OUR减少，潜在毒性 图A：加入混合液后，OUR增加，降解毒性 图B：加入混合液，OUR减少，潜在毒性 图A：加入混合液后，OUR增加，降解毒性 图B：加入混合液，OUR减少，潜在毒性

Alumina dissolution in cryolitic electrolytes has been a subject of intensive studies, and its relation to the alumina physical properties had been attempted through various studies over past decades as reported in the open literature. The findings from these reported lab studies have been proved to be difficult to relate alumina dissolution rate in industrial operating cells due to lack of similarities between the two settings. Alcoa has been using a different experimental approach to measure alumina dissolution rate to monitor ore quality changes for providing necessary information to our smelting operations. This paper briefly describes the background for alumina dissolution studies, experimental setup and procedures for measuring dissolution rate. Some comparison results of typical good and bad alumina ores in term of dissolution rate are presented.

The electrochemical corrosion behavior of X65 pipeline steel in the simulated oil/water emulsion was investigated under controlled hydrodynamic and electrochemical conditions by rotating disk electrode technique. Results demonstrated that mass-transfer of oxygen plays a significant role in the cathodic process of steel in both oil-free and oil-containing solutions. Electrode rotation accelerates the oxygen diffusion and thus the cathodic reduction. The higher limiting diffusive current density measured in oil-containing solution is due to the elevated solubility of oxygen in oil/water emulsion. The anodic current density decreases with the increase of electrode rotating speed, which is attributed to the accelerated oxygen diffusion and reduction, enhancing the steel oxidation. Addition of oil decreases the anodic dissolution of steel due to the formation of a layer of oily phase on steel surface, increasing the reaction activation energy. The steel electrode becomes more active at the elevated temperature, indicating that the enhanced formation of oxide scale is not sufficiently enough to offset the effect resulting from the enhanced anodic dissolution reaction kinetics. The corrosion reaction mechanism is changed upon oil addition, and the interfacial reaction is activation-controlled, rather than mass-transfer controlled. When sand particles are added in oil/water emulsion, there is a significant increase of corrosion of the steel. The presence of sands in the flowing slurry would impact and damage the oxide film and oily film formed on the steel surface, exposing the bare steel to the corrosive solution.