德国BOROSA L800 高温高压声悬浮系统

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声悬浮的应用

无容器熔化和凝固 ◎ 晶体的均质形核及生长特征，用于材料凝固理论和制备工艺的研究 ◎ 深过冷法快速凝固的研究 ◎ 无容器法合成超导材料的研究

声悬浮系统文献之声悬浮聚并

The contactless coalescence of a droplet is of paramount importance for physical and industrial applications. This paper describes a coalescence method to be used mid-air via acoustic levitation using an ultrasonic phased array system. Acoustic levitation using ultrasonic phased arrays provides promising lab-on-a-drop applications, such as transportation, coalescence, mixing, separation, evaporation, and extraction in a continuous operation.

声悬浮液滴的聚结动力学

The contactless coalescence of a droplet is of paramount importance for physical and industrial applications. This paper describes a coalescence method to be used mid-air via acoustic levitation using an ultrasonic phased array system. Acoustic levitation using ultrasonic phased arrays provides promising lab-on-a-drop applications, such as transportation, coalescence, mixing, separation, evaporation, and extraction in a continuous operation. The mechanism of droplet coalescence in mid-air may be better understood by experimentally and numerically exploring the droplet dynamics immediately before the coalescence. In this study, water droplets were experimentally levitated, transported, and coalesced by controlled acoustic fields. We observed that the edges of droplets deformed and attracted each other immediately before the coalescence.

用声悬浮的方法测量表面张力

A new method utilizing an acoustic levitation technique is introduced to measure liquid surface tension. During the measurement a small drop of test liquid is acoustically levitated in air, and its static shape is gauged with the variation of its altitude location. The experimental data are matched with theoretical calculations giving an estimation of liquid surface tension. Due to its noncontact manipulation and requirement for a small amount of test sample, this method can be applied in many special situations.

液滴的声悬浮--动力学，操纵和相变

The technique of acoustic levitation normally produces a standing wave and the potential well of the sound field can be used to trap small objects. Since no solid surfaces is involved it has been widely applied for the study of fluid physics, nucleation, bio/chemical processes, and various forms of soft matter. In this article, we survey the works on drop dynamics in acoustic levitation, focus on how the dynamic behavior is related to the rheological properties and dicuss the possibility to develop a novel rheometer based on......

悬浮小动物的声学方法

Ultrasonic levitation of some small living animals such as ant, ladybug, and young fish has been achieved with a single-axis acoustic levitator. The vitality of ant and ladybug is not evidently influenced during the acoustic levitation, whereas that of the young fish is reduced because of the inadequacy of water supply. Numerical analysis shows that the sound pressures on the ladybug’s surface almost reach the incident pressure amplitude p0 due to sound scattering. It is estimated that 99.98% of the acoustic energy is reflected away from the ladybug. The acoustic radiation pressure pa on the ladybug’s surface is only 1%–3% of p0 , which plays a compression role on the central region and a suction role on the peripheral region.

硝酸铈液滴中的传热和传质及化学转化

This paper deals with the thermo-physical changes that a droplet undergoes when it is radiatively heated in a levitated environment. The heat and mass transport model has been developed along with chemical kinetics within a cerium nitrate droplet. The chemical transformation of cerium nitrate to ceria during the process is predicted using Kramers’ reaction mechanism which justifies the formation of ceria at a very low temperature as observed in experiments. The rate equation modeled by Kramers is modified suitably to be applicable within the framework of a droplet, and predicts experimental results well in both bulk form of cerium nitrate and in aqueous cerium nitrate droplet. The dependence of dissociation reaction rate on droplet size is determined and the transient mass concentration of unreacted cerium nitrate is reported. The model is validated with experiments both for liquid phase vaporization and chemical reaction.

声悬浮文献：通过声悬浮法测量水基泡沫流变学

An experimental technique is demonstrated for acoustically levitating aqueous foam drops and exciting their spheroidal modes. This allows fundamental studies of foam-drop dynamics that provide an alternative means of estimating the viscoelastic properties of the foam. One unique advantage of the technique is the lack of interactions between the foam and container surfaces, which must be accounted for in other techniques. Results are presented in which a foam drop with gas volume fraction φ=0.77 is levitated at 30 kHz and excited into its first quadrupole resonance at 63±3 Hz. By modeling the drop as an elastic sphere, the shear modulus of the foam was estimated at 75±3 Pa.

声悬浮文献：通过干燥声悬浮液滴产生的微球体机械强度

Spray drying is widely used in pharmaceutical manufacturing to produce microspheres from solutions or suspensions. The mechanical properties of the microspheres are reflected by the morphology formed in the drying process. In suspension drying, solids dissolved in the carrier liquid may form bridges between the suspended primary particles, producing a microsphere structure which is resistant against mechanical loads. Experiments with individual, acoustically levitated droplets were performed to simulate the drying of suspension droplets in a spray drying process.

声悬浮液滴：超声调制导致的液滴震荡和分裂

The behaviour of drops in an acoustic levitator is simulated numerically. The ultrasound field is directed along the axis of gravity, the motion of the drop is supposed to be axisymmetric. The flow inside the drop is assumed inviscid (since the time intervals considered are short) and incompressible. First, as a test case, we consider a stationary ultrasound wave. We observe, as in previous experimental and theoretical works, that stable drop equilibrium shapes exist for acoustic Bond numbers up to a critical value.

声悬浮系统文章：声悬浮器中的扁球状液滴蒸发

The modelling of evaporation in which droplet geometry deviates from sphericity, i.e., oblate spheroid, when the droplet experiences high dynamic stresses or a high Weber number, is important in many applications. The validation of such theoretical models is often difficult to achieve experimentally. The acoustic levitation technique was used to investigate the evaporation of an oblate spheroid for different liquids. Evaporation of oblate droplet at constant aspect ratio is realized through the course of evaporation in the acoustic levitator by continuously adjusting the applied acoustic force on the droplet. A Two-dimensional axisymmetric computational model in oblate coordinate system is presented to predict droplet evaporation driven by the acoustic boundary layer, the model calculates the vapor flux at each grid point on droplet surface. The evaporation follows the d 2 -law and a good agreement between model prediction and experiments is demonstrated. 详情请看文章。

声悬浮系统文章：声悬浮法测定过冷氧化石墨烯纳米流体的表面张力

The surface tensions of graphene oxide nanofluids of five mass concentrations were measured by the oscillation droplet method in an acoustic levitator. The oscillation information of the suspension droplets was obtained by combining acoustic levitation with image recognition technology, and a shape correction coefficient a was introduced to modify the Rayleigh equation. Over the temperature ranging from−7 to 10°C, the surface tension of the graphene oxide nanofluids increases with increasing mass concentration and decreases with increasing temperature. Compared with the surface tension changes caused by an increase in the mass concentrations of nanofluids from 0.08 to 0.12% at −7°C, the surface tension slowly increases from 79.144 to 80.664 mN/mwhen the mass concentration increases from 0.02 to 0.08%. The change rate of the surface tension with temperature is linear in both supercooled and non-supercooled states. 详情请见文章。

声悬浮文献：角鲨烷在二氧化碳压力下的粘度--声悬浮法与常规方法的比较

Viscosity measurements with CO 2 -saturated squalane with three different methods, a novel and two classical ones, are compared in a range of pressure from 0.1 MPa to 10.1 MPa at temperatures of 313 K, 333 K and 353K. The dynamic viscosities were measured using an acoustic levitator developed for measurements under pressure, a capillary viscometer and a rotational viscometer. Squalane is saturated with CO 2 at each pressure and temperature measured. It is shown, that the measured data are in good agreement with the values published by Dilchert. With the comparatively fast measurement time, the acoustic levitation has been proven to be a promising method.

声悬浮文献：航空声悬浮--一种在高温下进行无容器液态处理的方法

A method for containerless ‘liquid-phase processing was developed which has practical application in process and property research on virtually any material which is involatile at the melting point. It combines aerodynamic and acoustic forces to support and position the levitated material. The design provides forced convection control of the thermal boundary in the gas surrounding beam-heated specimens, which stabilizes the acoustic forces and allows acoustic positioning necessary to stabilize the aerodynamic levitation forces on molten materials. Beam heating and melting at very high temperatures was achieved. Experiments were conducted on specimens with diameters in the range 0.25-0.4 cm, of density up to 9 g/cm3, at temperatures up to 2700 K, and in oxygen, air, or argon atmospheres.

声悬浮系统文献：高激励频率下近场声悬浮物体的慢动力学

This paper introduces a simplified analytical model describing the governing dynamics of near-field acoustically levitated objects. The simplification converts the equation of motion coupled with the partial differential equation of a compressible fluid, into a compact, second order ordinary differential equation, where the local stiffness and damping are transparent. The simplified model allows one to more easily analyse and design near-field acoustic levitation based systems, and it also helps to devise closed-loop controller algorithms for such systems. Near-field acoustic levitation employs fast ultrasonic vibrations of a driving surface and exploits the viscosity and the compressibility of a gaseous medium to achieve average, load carrying pressure. It is demonstrated that the slow dynamics dominates the transient behaviour, while the time-scale associated with the fast, ultrasonic excitation has a small presence in the oscillations of the levitated object.

声悬浮系统文献：单个悬浮液滴蒸发影响因素的定量实验.

声悬浮已成功地用作喷雾聚合过程和颗粒形态测定的模型系统。用于研究悬浮液滴中的传热和传质的实验扩展需要更多的努力。为了使悬浮法成为跟踪热量和质量传递的通用工具，分析了影响实验参数及其对相关特性（如液滴变形，温度和周围流场）的影响。通过实验阐明了这些参数，以揭示它们的相互依赖性。结果表明，蒸发速度受液滴长径比的影响，液滴的长径比与其湿球温度直接相关。为了研究湿球温度，对悬浮液滴进行了热电偶测量。事实证明，湿球温度取决于功率输入和所产生的声压级，因为它改变了液滴周围的声场。

声悬浮的起源与奥古斯特•昆特（August Kundt）

文章主要讲述了声悬浮是如何被发现的以及声悬浮的发现者奥古斯特•昆特（August Kundt）的生平。

德国BOROSA声悬浮系统

德国BOROSA声悬浮系统样本主要讲述了声悬浮及高压声悬浮的原理，特点、应用及各相关型号的详细描述。

在高压天然气中声悬浮液滴里水合物的成核与生长

Hydrate formation was studied using water droplets scoustically levitated in high-pressure nature gas. Despite the absence of solid interface, the droplets'ares-normalised nucleation rate was about 4 times faster than in steel autoclave measurement......

使用声悬浮液滴的自由衰减振荡同时测量表面张力和粘度

Oscillations of small liquid drops around a spherical shape have been of great interest to scientists measuring physical properties such as interfacial tension and viscosity, over the last few decades. A powerful tool for contactless positioning is acoustic levitation, which has been used to simultaneously determine the surface tension and viscosity of liquids at ambient pressure. In order to extend this acoustic levitation measurement method to high pressure systems, the method is first evaluated under ambient pressure.