孙杨国际赛事被拒合影 都是药检惹的祸?
p style="text-align: left line-height: 125% text-indent: 2em -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "span style="font-family: 宋体 "近日,两名国外运动员拒与中国著名游泳运动员孙杨同台合影事件闹得沸沸扬扬,一时间国内外各大媒体争相报道,莫衷一是。追溯事件源头,还是各项体育赛事中重要一环/span——兴奋剂检测引起。/span/pp style="line-height: 125% text-indent: 32px -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "span style="font-family: 宋体 "现代竞技比赛中,有些运动员为获得荣誉而服用药物,违背体育精神和比赛原则。从/span/spanspan style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "1968起,开始出现对运动员进行禁用药物的检测。习惯上,对所有禁用药物统称为“兴奋剂”。/span/pp style="line-height: 125% text-indent: 32px -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "有媒体统计,/spanspan style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192) "strongspan style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "span style="font-family: 宋体 "从/span2008年到2018年11月期间,孙杨共接受国际泳联飞行尿检达46次/span/strong/spanspan style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "。而2018年12月后对孙杨的兴奋剂检查也已多达4次。span style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "strong如此频次的兴奋剂检查,究竟都查些什么?/strong/span/span/pp style="margin: 7px 0px line-height: 125% text-indent: 32px -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) "strongspan style="font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px font-weight: bold "关于血检、尿检和飞检/span/strong/span/pp style="margin: 7px 0px line-height: 125% text-indent: 32px -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="font-family: Calibri font-size: 16px "span style="font-family: 宋体 "尿检和血检都是检测兴奋剂的行之有效的方法。尿检是检测兴奋剂的基本手段,血检是尿检的补充和完善/spanspan style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192) font-family: Calibri font-size: 16px "strongspan style="font-family: 宋体 "。/span“span style="font-family: 宋体 "飞检/spanspan style="font-family: Calibri "”/spanspan style="font-family: 宋体 "可在一年中的任何时间和地点进行,/span/strong/spanspan style="font-family: 宋体 "检查重点一般都放在训练阶段,因为运动员最有可能在训练阶段为增加肌肉力量、快速消除疲劳而使用兴奋剂。/span/spanspan style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192) "strongspan style="font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "span style="font-family: 宋体 "此次事件的起因,正是由于英媒称孙杨在去年/span9span style="font-family: 宋体 "月份的“飞检”过程中“暴力拒检”。/span/span/strong/span/pp style="line-height: 125% text-indent: 32px -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) "strongspan style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px font-weight: bold "兴奋剂种类/span/strong/span/pp style="margin: 7px 0px line-height: 125% text-indent: 32px -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="font-family: Calibri font-size: 16px "span style="font-family: 宋体 "按照国际奥委会的分类,兴奋剂主要有以下七类:刺激剂、合成类固醇、麻醉止痛药、利尿剂、血液兴奋剂、肽和糖蛋白激素和/spanβ-span style="font-family: 宋体 "阻断剂/span/spanspan style="font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "span style="font-family: 宋体 "。/span/span/pp style="margin: 7px 0px line-height: 125% text-indent: 0em -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "span style="font-family: 宋体 "/span/span/ptable width="460" style="border: currentColor border-image: none border-collapse: collapse " border="0" cellspacing="0"tbodytr class="firstRow" style="height: 28px "td width="103" valign="center" style="background: rgb(189, 214, 238) padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "strongspan style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal font-weight: bold "兴奋剂种类/span/strong/p/tdtd width="167" valign="center" style="background: rgb(189, 214, 238) padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "strongspan style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal font-weight: bold "品种/span/strong/p/tdtd width="92" valign="center" style="background: rgb(189, 214, 238) padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "strongspan style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal font-weight: bold "作用/span/strong/p/tdtd width="98" valign="center" style="background: rgb(189, 214, 238) padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "strongspan style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal font-weight: bold "副作用/span/strong/p/td/trtr style="height: 54px "td width="103" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "刺激剂/span/p/tdtd width="167" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "苯丙胺、咖啡因、麻黄碱、尼可刹米、士的宁等/span/p/tdtd width="92" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "缓解疲劳,增加机敏性/span/p/tdtd width="98" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "易上瘾、过度疲劳致死/span/p/td/trtr style="height: 54px "td width="103" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "蛋白同化制剂/span/p/tdtd width="167" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "合成代谢类固醇、β2激动剂,包括大力补、诺龙、康力龙等/span/p/tdtd width="92" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "增加肌肉耐力/span/p/tdtd width="98" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "对心血管系统、生殖系统等破坏/span/p/td/trtr style="height: 54px "td width="103" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "麻醉止痛药/span/p/tdtd width="167" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "吗啡、可待因、杜冷丁等/span/p/tdtd width="92" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "产生欣快感或提升疼痛感忍耐界限/span/p/tdtd width="98" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "上瘾、其他病症/span/p/td/trtr style="height: 54px "td width="103" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "利尿剂/span/p/tdtd width="167" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "呋塞米以及氢氯噻嗪/span/p/tdtd width="92" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "减轻体重、逃避兴奋剂检查/span/p/tdtd width="98" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "代谢紊乱、糖代谢改变/span/p/td/trtr style="height: 72px "td width="103" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "血液兴奋剂/span/p/tdtd width="167" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "//span/p/tdtd width="92" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "输血的手段诱发红细胞增多以提高运动能力/span/p/tdtd width="98" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "扰乱正常血液循环及并发症/span/p/td/trtr style="height: 59px "td width="103" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "内源性肽类激素/span/p/tdtd width="167" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "人体生长激素、胰岛素、促性腺激素等/span/p/tdtd width="92" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "促进红细胞生成/span/p/tdtd width="98" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "减缓血流速度、破坏凝血机制/span/p/td/trtr style="height: 54px "td width="103" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "β-阻断剂/span/p/tdtd width="167" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "即β肾上腺素受体阻断剂,代表药物有心得安/span/p/tdtd width="92" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "降低血压、减轻心率和镇定情绪/span/p/tdtd width="98" valign="center" style="padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0) border-image: none background-color: transparent "p style="text-align: center line-height: 125% vertical-align: middle -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 15px font-style: normal "心功能抑制和继发性的心力衰竭/span/p/td/tr/tbody/tablep style="margin: 7px 0px line-height: 125% text-indent: 0em -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "span style="font-family: 宋体 "/span/span/pp style="margin: 7px 0px text-align: left line-height: 125% text-indent: 32px -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0) "strongspan style="font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px font-weight: bold "兴奋剂检查常用手段/span/strong/span/pp style="line-height: 125% text-indent: 32px -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "span style="font-family: 宋体 "兴奋剂检测在运动竞赛中的应用是兴奋剂实验室面临的一个日益严峻的挑战。目前/spanspan style="font-family: 宋体 ",/spanspan style="font-family: 宋体 "兴奋剂检测的常用方法主要有气相色谱法、/spanHPLC法、GC-MS联用、LC-MS联用法、免疫分析法、流动注射电化学发光、高效毛细电泳、毛细电泳-离子阱质谱等方法。/span/pp style="line-height: 125% text-indent: 32px -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "span style="font-family: 宋体 "/span/span/pp style="line-height: 125% text-indent: 32px -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "span style="font-family: 宋体 "色谱/span-质谱联用可被用于大部分兴奋剂检测,包括蛋白同化制剂,肽类激素,利尿剂、糖皮质类固醇等等。1984年洛杉矶奥运会上span style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "strong利用CG-MS技术进行了全部尿样中类固醇兴奋剂的筛选和确证/strong/span,大量的样本要求仪器高效率运行和数据可靠性,后来20世纪90年代兴起的高分辨质谱能够精确测量离子质量,大大提高了检测灵敏度。span style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "strongLC-MS技术在兴奋剂检测中应用更为广泛,不仅可对小分子进行检测,还可对肽类激素和蛋白质等大分子检测/strong。/span/span/pp style="text-align: center line-height: 125% text-indent: 0em -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "/span/pp style="text-align: center "img title="01400939-6f5b-4f5f-b420-3f6076be12d9_jpg!w300x300.jpg" style="max-height: 100% max-width: 100% " alt="01400939-6f5b-4f5f-b420-3f6076be12d9_jpg!w300x300.jpg" src="https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201907/uepic/fcd9e463-9c6a-4067-a39a-ae406e1aeae3.jpg"//pp style="text-align: center text-indent: 0em "span style="font-size: 16px text-decoration: none "Waters Xevo G2-XS QTof 高分辨质谱/span/pp style="text-align: center line-height: 125% text-indent: 0em -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "/span/pp style="line-height: 125% text-indent: 32px -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "/span/pp style="line-height: 125% text-indent: 32px -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192) "strongspan style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "免疫分析法是利用抗原和抗体特异性结合反应实现对禁用药物的检测,主要用于类固醇和激素类兴奋剂的检测/span/strongspan style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px ",/span/spanspan style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "span style="font-family: 宋体 "例如利用等电聚焦/span-免疫双印迹化学发光法检测促红细胞生成素兴奋剂,解决了尿样中该类物质浓度低的问题。/span/pp style="line-height: 125% text-indent: 32px -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric "span style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "span style="font-family: 宋体 "除上述方法,近年来也出现了一些新的技术方法用于兴奋剂检测,如span style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192) line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "strong借助蛋白组技术检测兴奋剂目录中的肽类激素(人生长激素等),/strong/span改善了目前重组人生长激素注射长时间后无法检出的问题。/span/span/pp style="line-height: 125% text-indent: 32px "span style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "span style="font-family: 宋体 "事实上,国际泳联早就孙杨去年/span“飞检”事件有了裁决结果:孙杨不存在违反《世界反兴奋剂条例》的行为。世界反兴奋剂机构执意上诉,将在今年9月举行的体育仲裁法庭上宣布结果。/spanspan style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "span style="font-family: 宋体 "在最终裁决出来之前,/span/spanspan style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "span style="font-family: 宋体 "我们无法判断孰是孰非,但我们将始终相信科学检测的结果。/span/span/pp style="line-height: 125% text-indent: 32px "span style="line-height: 125% font-family: 宋体 font-size: 16px "span style="font-family: 宋体 "/span/span/pp style="margin-top: 0em margin-bottom: 10px padding: 0px color: rgb(68, 68, 68) font-family: 宋体, " Arial Narrow" text-indent: 0em white-space: normal line-height: 1.5em text-align: center "span style="margin: 0px padding: 0px color: rgb(38, 38, 38) background-color: rgb(255, 192, 0) "strong style="margin: 0px padding: 0px "扫码关注【3i生仪社】,解锁生命科学行业新鲜资讯!/strong/span/pp style="margin-top: 0em margin-bottom: 10px padding: 0px color: rgb(68, 68, 68) font-family: 宋体, " Arial Narrow" text-indent: 0em white-space: normal line-height: 1.5em "span style="margin: 0px padding: 0px color: rgb(38, 38, 38) background-color: rgb(255, 192, 0) "strong data-filtered="filtered" style="margin: 0px padding: 0px "/strong/span/pp style="margin-top: 0em margin-bottom: 1em padding: 0px color: rgb(68, 68, 68) font-family: 宋体, " Arial Narrow" white-space: normal text-align: center "img src="https://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201908/uepic/a6aca3c5-ee04-42f3-bf71-742d796c747a.jpg" title="小icon.jpg" alt="小icon.jpg" style="margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px max-width: 100% max-height: 100% "//pp style="line-height: 125% text-indent: 32px "br//p