各国食品包装材料化学迁移量检测标准及注意事项
p 食品包装材料指包装、盛放食品或者食品添加剂用的纸、竹、木、金属、搪瓷、陶瓷、塑料、橡胶、天然纤维、化学纤维、玻璃等制品和直接接触食品或者食品添加剂的涂料。由于食品包装材料直接与食品接触,《食品安全法》第三十三条规定:“(七)直接入口的食品应当使用无毒、清洁的包装材料、餐具、饮具和容器。”因此,必须保证包装材料自身的安全无毒和无挥发性物质产生,同时,在包装工艺的实施过程中,也不会产生与食物成分发生化学反应的物质和化学成分。 /p p span style=" color: rgb(0, 112, 192) " strong 一、食品包装材料的风险 /strong /span /p p 由于包装材料组成的复杂性, 食品包装材料中的物质析出,出现于食品中, 可能是由于这些物质向食品的迁移, 或由于意外萃取而出现于食品中。这样造成食品包装的化学迁移也给食品带来负面的影响。主要表现为两个方面: /p p 一方面合成包装材料中的有害物质迁移到食品中导致对人身健康造成损害, /p p 另一方面迁移物质可能造成食品感官状态的劣变, 如产生异味、色变和有污点出现等。 /p p 现代食品包装采用大量的化学合成物质,总体而言可以分为两大类: 即已知成分和未知成分。这些物质主要包括: /p p 合成材料的单体和其他合成材料物质、催化剂、溶剂和悬浮介质、包装材料添加剂(包括抗氧化剂、抗静电剂、抗雾剂、增塑剂、热稳定剂、成核剂以及染料和色素)。 /p p style=" text-align: center " span style=" color: rgb(0, 112, 192) " strong 食品中主要包装材料及其存在的风险 /strong /span /p table width=" 599" tbody style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " class=" firstRow" td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 材料 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 潜在风险 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 塑料 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " ul style=" margin: 26px 0px 0px 30px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " class=" list-paddingleft-2" li p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 0px 8px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 树脂本身有毒 /span /p /li li p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 0px 8px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 树脂中残留的有毒单体、裂解物及老化产生的有毒物质 /span /p /li li p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 0px 8px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 制品在制造过程中添加的稳定剂、增塑剂、着色剂等 /span /p /li li p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 0px 8px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 包装容器表面的微生物及微尘杂质污染 /span /p /li li p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 塑料回收料再利用时附着的一些污染物和添加的色素 /span /p /li /ul /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 橡胶 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " ul style=" margin: 26px 0px 0px 30px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " class=" list-paddingleft-2" li p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 天然橡胶中助剂如: 促进剂、防老剂、填充剂等合成橡胶中的单体及助剂 /span /p /li /ul /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 纸 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " ul style=" margin: 26px 0px 0px 30px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " class=" list-paddingleft-2" li p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 0px 8px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 造纸原料中的污染物 /span /p /li li p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 0px 8px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 造纸过程中添加的助剂残留 /span /p /li li p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 0px 8px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 包装纸在涂腊、荧光增白处理过程中的化学污染 /span /p /li li p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 0px 8px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 彩色颜料污染 /span /p /li li p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 成品纸表面的微生物及微尘污染 /span /p /li /ul /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 无机包装材料 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " ul style=" margin: 26px 0px 0px 30px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " class=" list-paddingleft-2" li p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 0px 8px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 金属包装材料中重金属的污染, 特别是铅 /span /p /li li p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 0px 8px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 回收铝制品中锌、砷、镉等金属的溶出 /span /p /li li p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 0px 8px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 玻璃制品中可溶出金属 /span /p /li li p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px 0px 8px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 高档玻璃器皿中添加物 /span /p /li li p style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 搪瓷、陶瓷制作过程中的瓷釉、陶釉和彩釉中的金属氧化物 /span /p /li /ul /td /tr /tbody /table p span style=" color: rgb(0, 112, 192) " strong 二、各国食品包装材料有害物质的标准要求 /strong /span /p p 为了有效控制食品包装材料中的有害物质,许多国家制定了食品包装材料中有害物质的限制标准。 /p p 欧盟食品接触材料法规包括框架法规、专项指令和单独指令3个层次。其中,框架法规规定了对食品接触材料管理的一般原则,专项指令规定了框架法规中列举的每一类材料的系列要求,单独指令是针对单独的某一具体有害物质所做的特殊规定。 /p p style=" text-align: center " img title=" 1.jpeg" src=" http://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201706/noimg/153f7f73-c625-461c-a6fa-e9ec8cba8ff5.jpg" / /p p 美国对食品包装材料的管理主要通过联邦法规CFR来进行规范。美国联邦法规CFR第21部分主要规范食品和药品的管理,其中第170-186节规范了食品包装材料的管理要求。21 CFR 174(间接使用的食品添加剂-总论)规定了食品包装材料的通用要求和用于与食品接触的物质的法定限量。其中对与食品接触材料的通用要求为:材料需要按照GMP要求生产 材料需要使用符合21 CFR 170-189法规中批准的物质 新材料必须经过FDA审核和认可才可进入市场。 /p p 21 CFR 170-189对于食品接触材料有非常详尽的管控要求。除通用要求之外,针对纸张、木材、塑料、涂层、橡胶、胶黏剂等均有相应规定,如图2所示。在不同材料的相应要求章节,既包含该材料生产所允许使用的单体、添加剂、助剂,同时涵盖其纯度、用量等要求,也有对成品的溶出物、特定物质的溶出等测试要求,某些塑料材料还有物理性能(如密度、熔点、分子量、溶解度等)的要求。 /p p style=" text-align: center " img title=" 2.jpeg" src=" http://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201706/noimg/6541e286-af8b-48e4-b777-f89e5d60dcb5.jpg" / /p p 《食品安全法》实施后,我国食品包装材料安全标准体系正在逐步构建和完善中。 /p p GB 31603.1-2015《食品接触材料及制品迁移试验通则》规定了食品模拟物、特殊迁移及总迁移测试条件的选择。食品接触材料添加剂标准(GB 9685-XXXX)与GB 9685-2008相比更为合理,主要变化是调整了附录化学物质清单的结构(对塑料、涂料涂层、橡胶、油墨、粘合剂、纸、硅橡胶中的添加剂分别说明),将添加剂名单及其使用要求按照使用范围进行分类,同时添加剂品种由959种扩充到1297种。 /p p style=" text-align: center " img title=" 3.jpeg" src=" http://img1.17img.cn/17img/images/201706/noimg/85e93181-0482-40dd-bc77-b31f438339db.jpg" / /p p (2)有关迁移物测试的国家标准(GB) /p p & nbsp /p table width=" 599" tbody style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " class=" firstRow" td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 5009.156-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品迁移试验预处理方法通则 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GBT 23296.1-2009 span class=" Apple-converted-space" & nbsp /span /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品接触材料 塑料中受限物质 塑料中物质向食品及食品模拟物特定迁移试验和含量测定方法以及食品模拟物暴露条件选择的指南 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GBT 20499-2006 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品包装用聚氯乙烯膜中己二酸二(2-乙基)己酯迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.1-2015 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品迁移试验通则 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.8-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 总迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.10-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)丙烷(双酚A)迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.11-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 1,3-苯二甲胺迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.12-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 1,3-丁二烯的测定和迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.13-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 11-氨基十一酸迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.14-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 1-辛烯和四氢呋喃迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.15-2016 span class=" Apple-converted-space" & nbsp /span /span /strong /span span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 2,4,6-三氨基-1,3,5-三嗪(三聚氰胺)迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.17-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 丙烯腈的测定和迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.18-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 丙烯酰胺迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.19-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 己内酰胺的测定和迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.20-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 醋酸乙烯酯迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.21-2016 span class=" Apple-converted-space" & nbsp /span /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 对苯二甲酸迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.24-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 镉迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.25-2016 span class=" Apple-converted-space" & nbsp /span /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 铬迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.26-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 环氧氯丙烷的测定和迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.28-2016 span class=" Apple-converted-space" & nbsp /span /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 己二酸二(2-乙基)己酯的测定和迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.29-2016 span class=" Apple-converted-space" & nbsp /span /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 甲基丙烯酸甲酯迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.30-2016 span class=" Apple-converted-space" & nbsp /span /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 邻苯二甲酸酯的测定和迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.31-2016 span class=" Apple-converted-space" & nbsp /span /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 氯乙烯的测定和迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.33-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 镍迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.34-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 铅的测定和迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.38-2016 span class=" Apple-converted-space" & nbsp /span /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 砷的测定和迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.40-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 顺丁烯二酸及其酸酐迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.41-2016 span class=" Apple-converted-space" & nbsp /span /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 锑迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.42-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 锌迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.43-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 乙二胺和己二胺迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.44-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 乙二醇和二甘醇迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.46-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 游离酚的测定和迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.48-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 甲醛迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px " strong style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 16px font-weight: 700 " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " GB 31604.49-2016 /span /strong span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 砷、镉、铬、铅的测定和砷、镉、铬、镍、铅、锑、锌迁移量的测定 /span /p /td /tr /tbody /table p strong span style=" color: rgb(0, 112, 192) " 三、食品包装材料中化学迁移物质一般检测方法 /span /strong /p p 无论是那种包装材料一旦应用食品包装都需要进行卫生检测,检测的的方式一般采用食品模型的方法。大致分为以下几步: /p p (1)选取典型样品 /p p (2)选择适当的食品模型 /p p (3)选择合适的条件, 主要是选择合适的温度和接触时间 /p p (4)选择合适的暴露 /p p (5)监测暴露量 /p p (6)分析包装的安全性。 /p p strong span style=" color: rgb(0, 112, 192) " 四、食品包装材料中化学迁移物质检测的注意事项 /span /strong /p p (1)样品的确定及其食品模型的选择 /p p 直接在食品中对迁移物进行检测分析。虽然直观,但成本昂贵, 且灵敏度比较低。一般采用食品模型进行实验,即为了解决迁移物难于从食品分离而采用特殊的溶剂作为食品模拟剂来替代食品进行分析。 /p p style=" text-align: center " span style=" color: rgb(0, 112, 192) " strong 常见食品模型(源于82/572/EEC) /strong /span /p table width=" 599" tbody style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " class=" firstRow" td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 食品模型 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 适用范围 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 蒸馏水 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 中性离子型食品 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 3%醋酸水溶液 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 酸性食品 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 10%或15%的乙醇水溶液 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 含有醇类的食品 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 橄榄油(如果由于测定技术上无法利用橄榄作为食品模拟剂可以采用异辛烷、95%乙醇代替) /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 脂肪类食品 /span /p /td /tr /tbody /table p (2)监测条件的确定 /p p 在确定了合适的食品模拟剂, 为了保证真实的反应包装材料的安全性, 一般采用在迁移物最大迁移极限条件进行, 温度和时间的选择入表3所示。 /p p style=" text-align: center " span style=" color: rgb(0, 112, 192) " strong 迁移物测定的时间选择 (源于82/711/ECC) /strong /span /p table width=" 599" tbody style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " class=" firstRow" td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 实际接触条件 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " br/ /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " ≤0.5 h /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 0.5 h /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 0.5 h& lt t≤1 h /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 1h /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 1 h& lt t≤2 h /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 2h /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 2 h& lt t≤24 h /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 24h /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " & gt 24h /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 10d /span /p /td /tr /tbody /table p style=" text-align: center " span style=" color: rgb(0, 112, 192) " strong 迁移物测定的温度选择 (源于82/711/ECC) /strong /span /p table width=" 599" tbody style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " class=" firstRow" td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 实际接触条件 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 测定条件 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " ≤5 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 5 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 5& lt T≤20 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 20 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 20& lt T≤40 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 40 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 40& lt T≤70 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 70 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 70& lt T≤100 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 100 或者回流温度 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 100& lt T≤121 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 121 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 121& lt T≤130 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 130 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 130& lt T≤150 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 150 /span /p /td /tr tr style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px font-size: 16px " td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 150& lt T≤175 /span /p /td td style=" margin: 0px padding: 5px border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51) font-size: 16px " p style=" margin: 0px padding: 10px 0px 20px border: 0px currentColor text-align: center font-size: 16px " span style=" margin: 0px padding: 0px border: 0px currentColor font-size: 14px " 175 /span /p /td /tr /tbody /table p & nbsp /p