基础前沿

[img]http://ng1.17img.cn/bbsfiles/images/2010/05/201005151921_218641_1956012_3.gif[/img]看看上面的图谱，什么样的情况下会出出现前沿峰呢？

基础化学的新前沿领域1．用大量相同的组分作为给定的键合单元或配体的受体的方式来合成化合物。Create chemical entities made up of many identicalcomponents arranged in away as to serve as receptors for given binding units or ligands．2．合成出自复制分子和寻找自矫正反应。后者包括催化反应，在催化反应中产物中的错误能被去除和矫正。 Create self-replicating molecules and self-correctting Chemical react- ions．Included in this latter category are catalytic reactions where errors introduced in the product are deleted and corrected．3．充分理解给定的以及预期的化学反应的本质，以便为这种反应设计出合理的催化剂Understand the nature of a given or desired new chemicaltransformation sufficiently well that a catalyst for the reaction can be designed in a rational manner．4．探索表面化学性质(表面化学)，控制以多相催化剂作为体相物种的立体化学。Explore the chemistry at interfaces and control the stereochemistry of heterogeneous catalysts used as bulk species．5．利用超分子结构维持化学不稳定物质的完整性。同时保存包含产物释放的化学反应中的催化位点，Harness supramolecular constructs to preserve the integrity of chemi- cally labile species while conserving sites for the catalysis of chem- ical reactions including product release.6．用平行的自动的合成方法或组合试探反应来逐步地提高化学反应的转化率。Use parallel automated synthesis or combinatorial trial-and error reactions to improve on a chemical transformation in an evolutionary manner．7．对参加反应的两个分子接近时的取向进行控制。Control the direction and orientation of the approach of one molecule reacting with another．8．理解分子的内部运动，从而可以在适当的时刻用一个电磁脉冲去打断分子中一个选定的键(选键化学)。Understand the internal motions of molecules so that，with appropriate timing，a pulse of electromagnetic energy can be used to dissociate specifically a chosen bond in the molecule9．理解分子内部相互作用的结构和动力学，以便于我们能对分子聚集体进行预测和控制。 Understand the structure and dynamics of inter-molecular interactions so that the properties of molecular collections can be predicted and controlled．10．设计反应物和反应途径以打断原先认为是惰性的化学键。Devise reagents and pathways for breaking into chemical bonds previou- sly considered to be inert．11．寻找将丰富的自然物质转化为有用的化学小分子结构单元的方法以及相反的方法Find the means for converting naturally abundant substances into chemically useful small-molecule building blocks and vice versa．12．发展非溶液反应技术，Develop the art of conducting chemical reactionswithout solvents．13．合成能够只对分子的一部分进行选择性反应的化合物，从而不必在反应前先对分子中不想改变的活性位点进行保护并在反应后去保护。Create reagents that chemically modify a portion of a molecle without protecting． and later having to deprotect， other reactive sites on the molecule that we do not want to modify.14．寻找不使用也不会产生有害物质而是利用可再生资源的反应途径并用它们来合成化学产物.Create chemical products and processes that do notrequire the use or generation of hazardous substances and that use renewable resources．15．认识和利用尺寸介于分子和固态之间(1-100nm)的化合物的性质。Understand and harness the properties of compounds of intermediate(1-100nm) size between the mo1ecular and solid state.16.对单个孤立分子性质的比较，并与多个此类分子和不同溶液中的集体性质进行比较 Investigate the chemistry of single isolated molecules and compare the properties with those of an ensemble of such molecules and in various solvents． 17．合成能自组装成包括固态在内的具有比分子 聚集体性质优越的超分子结构。 Create molecules that self-assemble into supramolecular structures including solids，the properties of which surpass those of the molecular collection． 18．研究如何用任意组分的分子来生成晶态物质 以及通过掺入客体物质以提高其物理和化学性能。 Learn how to grow crystalline solids of molecules of any composition and to incorporate guests into these crystals to enhance their physi- cal and chemical properties． 19．发现由化学元素和基本粒子通过以前没有发 现的组合方式组成的特殊的化合物。 Discover unusual compositions of matter comprising chemical elements and fundamental particles in combinations not previously encountered． 20．掌握笼状物化学，以便能够按照人们的愿望 通过化学、磁场或电场的方式使囚禁在气体、液体或 固体宿主中的客体分子被释放出来。 Master the chemistry of caged species，releasing at will a guest entr- apped in an appropriatehost in the gas,solution．or solid state by introducing a chemical，magnetlc or electric field． 21．理解和应用多原子分子自由基的化学性质、 能量学和光谱知识。 Understand and use the chemistry energetics and spectroscopy of poly- atomic radicals． 22．发展关于化学键和反应的新的理论方法，并且通过真实的化学体系来检验它们。 Evolve new theoretical approaches to understand chemical bonding and reactions and to test these．