请问各位前辈,粉末的密度怎么测试?
如何测量固体粉末的密度??有客户要求我们提供一款色素产品的密度指标。但因为我们这款产品是固体粉末状的,也没有什么设备,该怎么测量呢?
请问一种易吸潮固体粉末如何测定密度?要测的样品很少,大约1克左右。常用密度计是测液体的。有没有测固体粉的?
想测量固体粉末密度,粉末粒度较小,30微米以下,请问各位有没有什么好的测量办法?
GJ03-12金属粉末松装密度测定仪是依据国家GB5060-85《金属粉末松装密度的测法第二部分:斯柯特容量计法》设计、制造;同时符合采用国际标准ISO 3932/2《金属粉末松装密度的测定第2部分:斯柯特容量计法》。松装密度测定仪 测试装置适用于不能自由流过漏斗法中孔径为5mm的漏斗和用振动漏斗法易改变特性粉末。二、GJ03-12金属粉末松装密度测定仪原理粉末放入上部组合漏斗中的筛网上,自然或靠外力流入布料箱,交替经过布料箱中的四块倾斜角为25°的玻璃板和方形漏斗,最后流入已知体积的圆柱杯中,呈松散状态。然后称量圆柱杯中的粉末的质量。三、结构(1)上部组合漏斗GJ03-12金属粉末松装密度测定仪由两个不锈钢圆锥形漏斗装配而成,其间一段圆柱隔开,并放入一个孔径为1.18mm的不锈钢筛网。(2)布料箱GJ03-12金属粉末松装密度测定仪横断面为正方形,内有四块1mm厚不锈钢板斜镶嵌在铝制的框架上,框架前后两壁面是有机玻璃板;不锈钢板可以拔出,易于清洗。(3)G方形漏斗1mm厚不锈钢板焊接而成,倾斜角度为60°的方锥体,下端口径为12.5mm×12.5mm。(4)圆柱杯容积为25ml,不锈钢材质,净重46±1克。(5)铁台架斯柯特容计法松装密度测定仪 用于支撑上部组合漏斗、布料箱、方形漏斗、圆柱杯等部件。(6)天平
金属粉末颗粒度测试有哪些比较好的仪器?还有松装密度测试什么仪器比较准确?
[b]【序号】:1【作者】:[b]李天玉,张宇航[/b]【题名】:干法UO2粉末松装密度和振实密度的影响因素研究【期刊】:中国核科学技术进展报告(第六卷)——中国核学会2019年学术年会论文集第6册【年、卷、期、起止页码】:[font=&][size=12px][color=#333333]130-137[/color][/size][/font]【全文链接】:https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CPFD&dbname=CPFDLAST2020&filename=EGVD201908006021&uniplatform=NZKPT&v=yJX-OjiJJTcjJecE9tSgfEri1w9hEefX8ko9Pt_1qzrJ35Pl4di6b9JbGbgGlx7pcLmkEIKVab0%3d[/b]
[color=#333333][b]1、定义:[/b]振实密度是指在规定条件下容器中的粉末经振实后所测得的单位容积的质量。[font=&][color=#333333]在超细粉末工程中,对干粉末颗粒群施加振动等外力后,达到极限堆积密度,称为振实密度,记作ρ[/color][/font][font=&][color=#333333]r[/color][/font][font=&][color=#333333]。视密度(堆积密度)[/color][/font][font=&][color=#333333]和振实密度是与超细颗粒尺寸、形貌及其尺寸分布和干燥程度(含水率)有关的可测量的宏观特性之一,也是超细粉末产品生产与应用最常用的质量控制参数。(百度百科)将一定的粉末装在容器中,通过振动装置振动,直至粉末的体积不再减少。粉末的质量除以振实后的体积得到振实密度。(GB/T 5162-2021)使用振实机将容器中规定量的粉末振实,直到粉末的体积不再减少为止,粉末的质量除以体积,得到的就是振实密度。(GB/T 21354-2008)将一定量的粉末装在容器中,通过振实装置振实、旋转,直至粉末压实不再减少。粉末的质量除以振实后的体积得到相应粉体的振实密度。(GB/T 24533-2019)[/color][/font][/color][align=center]~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~[/align][b]2、步骤:[/b]①清洁量筒,用试管刷和洗耳球将量筒清洁干净。[img=,548,411]https://ng1.17img.cn/bbsfiles/images/2023/10/202310270841166835_5032_1614854_3.jpg!w548x411.jpg[/img][font=&][color=#333333]②量筒称重,先将天平归零,然后把干净的量筒放在天平正中央,带数字稳定后,记录重量m1。[img=,487,579]https://ng1.17img.cn/bbsfiles/images/2023/10/202310270844463295_1176_1614854_3.png!w487x579.jpg[/img]③盛装样品,在样品松装的状态下,按照要求盛装到量筒中,并擦拭干净外壁。[img=,690,280]https://ng1.17img.cn/bbsfiles/images/2023/10/202310270853435799_2706_1614854_3.png!w690x280.jpg[/img]④安装量筒,将量筒放在振实密度仪的固定支架上,用堆成的三个固定脚将其固定。[img=,210,171]https://ng1.17img.cn/bbsfiles/images/2023/10/202310270903266837_5480_1614854_3.png!w210x171.jpg[/img]⑤设置参数,安东振实仪器表面的振动次数键钮,设置到需要的次数(如3000次)。⑥启动仪器,按下开始键钮,仪器自动上下同时旋转振实,每振实一次,显示器上设置的次数就少一次,直至仪表上振实数字显示为零,仪器停止振动。⑦体积读取,取下量筒,清洁表面粉尘,平视方式读出振实后样品体积V。[img=,256,304]https://ng1.17img.cn/bbsfiles/images/2023/10/202310270911559190_8147_1614854_3.jpg!w256x304.jpg[/img]⑧称量总重,调节好天平后,将振实后量筒放置于天平正中央,稳定后读数,记录重量m2。[img=,375,261]https://ng1.17img.cn/bbsfiles/images/2023/10/202310270917224924_1484_1614854_3.png!w375x261.jpg[/img]⑨结果处理,按照密度公式计算,样品重量为m2-m1,体积为V,密度即为([color=#333333]m[/color][color=#333333]2-m1[/color])/V,记录结果,并清洁设备。[/color][/font][align=center]~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~[/align][b]3、注意事项:[/b]①每次测试完毕,将量筒用酒精清洗并晾干,量筒不宜放入加热容器;②每日需检查振动盘和固定螺丝,以免松动造成振幅偏离,结果准确性差;③每月定期对仪器做全面清洁,以免粉末进入仪器内部造成短路等故障;④项目与供应商或客户对比时,要统一测试方法,包括振实次数、振幅大小、样品装填量、量筒大小、振动频率等关键参数;⑤振实完毕后,样品表面可能并不一定水平,这时可以读取最低点和最高点,取两个结果的平均值;⑥样品不能有结块物料,否则影响测试结果的稳定性;⑦三个固定脚要拧紧到同一程度,确保样品振动的效果。设备(项目)原理比较简单,但使用起来,还是需要有相当的经验,才可以把测试结果做的更准确。
一般无机盐(粉末状)密度是怎么测量的?测定的是什么密度?比如我测定一水硫酸锌粉末的密度(用量筒)为1.70,而百度里搜索的一水硫酸锌密度为3.28,这个密度是指真密度吗?怎么测定的?我们这测定的是什么密度?
振实密度是将装有粉末或颗粒的刻度量筒固定在机械振动装置上,振动电机带动机械振动装置垂直上下振动,装有粉或颗粒的刻度量筒随机械振动装置而发生有节拍的振动,随着振动次数的增加,刻度量筒里的粉末或颗粒逐渐振实,振动次数达到设定的次数后,机械振动装置停止振动,读出刻度量筒的体积,根据密度的定义:质量除以体积、从而求出振实后的粉末或颗粒密度。
1、振实密度仪的电源电压应在200V~240V之间,当电源电压不稳定,或有脉冲干扰时,应配备精密净化交流稳压电源。2、应将振实密度仪放置平稳、牢固,避免震动、敲击、防止滑落。3、在搬运振实密度仪或需要移动时,应注意轻拿轻放,且不可撞击仪器。4、清洁振实密度仪表面时可用湿毛巾蘸洗涤剂拧干后擦拭,不得将液体流入或溅入仪器的内部以免烧坏振实密度仪。5、振实密度仪系统电源不要在开启后瞬间关闭。每次开、关时间间隔应大于5秒,多次开/关会将电源按键寿命减小及每次开关会有电流通过冲击。6、振实密度仪在使用过程中要经常检查保护地线等连接线,确保密度仪的各个部分都处于良好的接地状态。7、振实密度仪的振动组件属于运动部件,对溅入到直线轴承中的粉末,请及时用刷子清理干净。
提到测量粉末 主要就是从两方面入手一、粉末的粗细度分布情况,俗称粒度大小的分布情况,二、粉末的物理特性,如 分散度、凝集度、振实密度、松装密度、流动性、安息角、抹刀角、崩溃角、差角等等。 要想知道我们所测的粉体粒度的粗细度分布情况,早些年我们所采用的粒度分布仪,随着科学的发展和进步现在我们采用的大都是激光粒度仪。激光粒度仪:是专指通过颗粒的衍射或散射光的空间分布(散射谱)来分析颗粒大小的仪器。根据能谱稳定与否分为静态光散射粒度仪和动态光散射激光粒度仪。为什么采用激光作光源? 激光是一种具有良好准直性、单色性的光源,由于它的单色性,当颗粒进入到激光束中时,可以得到清晰的光散射能谱分布,而这些能谱分布与粒径有关。国外的激光粒度仪性能虽好但价格昂贵且安装调试返修等事宜相对麻烦现国内很多激光粒度仪的厂家,并且产品性能稳定,安装调试及售后服务方便。在这里我们先推荐一款性价比及使用企业比较多的两款型号1、GJ03-S01激光粒度仪/激光粒度分布仪 2、GJ03-Z01全自动激光粒度分布仪/全自动激光粒度仪 这两款的主要区别就在于全自动激光粒度仪进样方式是采用全自动蠕动循环系统有机溶剂微量样品系统;下面我们来看一下粉体的物理特性通常根据药厂自身情况如我们其他特性无需测量 只需要测密度 那我们就单买振实密度仪或是松装密度仪,如果只测粉末的流动性那么就单配霍尔流速计就可以了,以免其他项目不测 买综合特性测试仪浪费money。如果所有的参数 :散度、凝集度、振实密度、松装密度、流动性、安息角、抹刀角、崩溃角、差角,都测 那我建议配置一台粉体综合特性测试仪。这样的话比单独一项项买省钱。综合特性测试仪国内只有为数不多的厂家生产,不想激光粒度仪的厂家那么多。这里呢我们只推荐一款供大家参考GJ03-09粉体综合特性分析仪。
我公司生产碳管,又分为颗粒状及粉末状,使用振实密度仪要振多少次才算ok,不知道大侠们一般都设置多少?
送检样品可为粉末状、块状、薄膜及其它形状。粉末样品需要量约为0.2g(视其密度和衍射能力而定);块状样品要求具有一个面积小于1.8cm x 1.8cm 的近似平面;薄膜样品要求有一定的厚度,面积小于1.8cm x 1.8cm 。
我公司要购买 粉末和颗粒流动性测试仪,堆密度测试仪,综检仪系统,筛分仪,手提式测厚计CH-2,有相关信息和渠道的大虾请跟贴,谢谢了
电子密度计采用阿基米德原理,通过浮力与密度计算公式的推导与变换形成等式,首先利用高精密电子分析天平分别计算出待测样品在空气中的重量(W1)和在水中之重量(W2),并计算出W1-W2值,水的密度默认为ρ=1,通过V样品=V排水建立等式,即可计算出样品的密度值:ρ=W1/(W1-W2)xρ水,此为固体计算公式。如果待测样品为液体,则先利用一个已知体积和密度的标准块作为参考物,通过水的密度ρ水与标准块在空气中重量(W1)水中重量(W2)得出计算公式: ρ液=(W1-W2)/标准块V xρ标准电子密度计实现了不规则固体、高黏度、悬浮液、乳化液、胶状体、腐蚀性液体等样品的快速准确测量。能满足现代产品生产及新材料研究过程中对样品密度的精确测量要求。电子密度计广泛应用于粉末冶金、橡胶、塑胶、电线电缆、复合材料、磁性材料、精密陶瓷、五金加 工、精密化工等行业的产品及原材料密度检测。
要用来测钕铁硼粉末的松装密度。粉末流动性不太好。我自己用简单的装置测了测,结果被领导说这么测不准。找到一个国标,用漏斗法测,我用差不多的漏斗试验了下,粉都要用棍捅才成。不知道有没有好的方法?
[url=http://www.f-lab.cn/solid-densimeters/ttdm.html][b]大尺寸材料体积密度计[/b][/url]TTDM专业为大尺寸样品材料的[b]体积密度测量[/b]和[b]体积比重测量[/b]而设计的[b]体积比重计[/b],[b]Bulk Densimeter[/b],非常适合粉末冶金行业,贵金属回收行业,铸件,铝铸造厂,橡胶,塑料,硬质合金等领域的材料[b]体积密度测量[/b]。[b][b]大尺寸材料体积密度计[/b]适用于:[/b]粉末冶金行业,贵金属回收行业,铸件,铝铸造厂,橡胶,塑料,硬质合金[b][b]大尺寸材料体积密度计[/b]原理:[/b]根据ASTM D297-93,D792-00,D618,D891,ISO2781,JISK6530,GB / T1033采用阿基米德原理的浮力法,采用沸水法,真空饱和法,可直接显示测量结果。[b][url=http://www.f-lab.cn/solid-densimeters/ttdm.html][b]大尺寸材料体积密度计[/b][/url]技术数据[/b]粉末冶金通过几个步骤形成。首先将合金,氧化物,碳化物和润滑剂等金属的混合粉末放入模具中并在高压下形成。成型后,将这些部件放入用于致密化的烧结炉中。然后产品可以经过一些更多的处理后制作。稀释金属粉末颗粒后,粉末冶金被制成复杂的形状成分。这种方法取代了传统的加工方法。因此,烧结材料密度的测量非常重要。材料的最大重量可达3100g。 [table][tr][td=2,1]型号[/td][td]TTDM 1200L[/td][td]TTDM 2000L[/td][td]TTDM 3000L[/td][/tr][tr][td=2,1]可测范围[/td][td]0.01 g〜 1200 g[/td][td]0.01 g〜 2000 g[/td][td]0.01 g〜 3000 g[/td][/tr][tr][td=2,1]密度分辨率[/td][td=3,1]0.001g / cm[sup] 3[/sup][/td][/tr][tr][td=2,1]水箱内部尺寸[/td][td=3,1]22x18x14(厘米)[/td][/tr][tr][td=2,1]密度范围[/td][td=3,1] 1,1都可以进行测试[/td][/tr][tr][td=2,1]设置[/td][td=3,1]设置水温和溶液补偿,防水油密度设定[/td][/tr][tr][td=1,3]功能[/td][td]程序1[/td][td=3,1]可直接显示粉末冶金产品的体积密度,有效孔隙率,湿密度和体积。[/td][/tr][tr][td]程序2[/td][td=3,1]可直接显示烧结含油轴承的含油量,有效孔隙率。[/td][/tr][tr][td]程序3[/td][td=3,1]可直接显示不渗透产品的密度和体积。[/td][/tr][tr][td=2,1]标准接口[/td][td=3,1]RS-232[/td][/tr][/table] [img=大尺寸材料体积密度计]http://www.f-lab.cn/Upload/solid-densimeters-ttdm.jpg[/img][b]更多密度计比重计:[url]http://www.f-lab.cn/densitometers.html[/url][/b]
美国brookfield公司最新推出了一款PFT(Powder Flow Tester)粉体流动测试仪,因对散体粉末材料的流变研究较为少见、特提出来请大家交流讨论一下:PFT粉体流动测试仪:BROOKFIELD 粉体流动测试仪可对工业加工设备中粉体的流动行为进行快速且简便的分析;评估粉体从储存容器中的流出性;快速定性新配方的流动性能和组分调整,以满足特定产品的流动特性。对粉体的流动函数、时间固结、壁面摩擦、松装密度等进行评估分析。多种粉体流动特性数据输出:流动指数、弓状尺寸、鼠孔尺寸、料斗半角、壁面摩擦角、松装密度曲线等。应用最大颗粒尺寸:5mm, 90% 3mm混合型饮料建筑材料:- 水泥- 粉煤灰- 石膏- 熟石灰化妆品洗涤剂食品:- 谷类食物- 巧克力- 面粉- 调味品- 香料 & 调味剂矿物医药淀粉
因为粉末冶金制品通常是通过成型或烧结制成,故材料密度将直接影响硬度数值,而材料密度影响通常是通过检查孔隙率来验证。那么是否有做过孔隙率的板油没呢,具体是如何进行检查操作的?
一般讲,尺寸细且均匀,颗粒成球状,性质比较稳定的粉末样品是比较理想的。关于压制样品:一般的粉末样品最好能够盖满整个样品槽,较少的时候沿着与光源垂直的方向成一个线状分布也可以,压得时候不要用太大的力气,对于一些粘性比较大的样品可以先蒙上一张称量纸,上面用玻璃片轻轻压平,然后将称量纸轻轻取下来即可。 需要注意的问题:对于同一系列的样品,如果力道差别很大,就会引起样品密度的变化,从而会使衍射的强度受到影响。关于样品的研磨:颗粒比较大的样品一般需要研磨,现碾碎然后研磨,力道不用太大,可以研细即可,理论上1平方厘米的面积上颗粒的个数要超过1100万衍射的数据才有统计意义,这样颗粒的大小大概在10微米左右,一般情况下用手感觉起来像面粉一样,有点滑腻感即可。对于特变脆或者松散的样品,可以适当加点酒精(确保样品和酒精没有反应),磨5到10分钟即可。
概念:物理学上用来表示物质分布密集程度的物理量。定义为物质质量与其体积的比值可以用于气、固、液体。实际检测中使用的密度还有印刷上的光密度、粉末颗粒的堆密度等,我这里只讨论最简单的液体的密度的测量。液体密度的测量可以为工艺设计提供数据、推测物质的纯度、快速确定物质的浓度等。在许多液体产品的中间控制和成品检验中,密度是一项重要的指标。密度测定方法:(1)体积称重法:根据概念,只要得知一定的体积的液体的重量,就可以算出密度。采用这一原理测量的方法有密度瓶法。当然我们还有更简单的方法:用[url=https://insevent.instrument.com.cn/t/9p][color=#3333ff][url=https://insevent.instrument.com.cn/t/9p][color=#3333ff]移液枪[/color][/url][/color][/url]取一定体积的液体在电子天平上称,由于无法控温,只能用于要求不高的场合。(2)浮力法:根据阿基米德物体所受浮力与体积、密度关系原理所做的测定方法有密度(浮)计、以及我们表面张力仪和天平所带的密度附件。密度计由干管和躯体两部分组成,干管是一顶端密封的、直径均匀的细长圆管,熔接于躯体的上部,内壁粘贴有固定的刻度标尺,躯体为一直径较粗的圆管,底部呈圆锥形或半球状,填有适当质量的重物,可以垂直稳定地漂浮在液体中。测量时要根据测液体密度值的范围密度计。根据不同浓度的液体密度不同,可以将其刻度改为浓度表示来测定酒精浓度、糖度、盐度等。(3)U型管法:利用U型管的振荡频率与其质量关系制作的仪器,它用的样品量少,精度高。我们有一台DMA4000密度计,温度可以控制在15-40度,密度范围0-3g/ml,精度为小数点后4位,2ml样40秒内出数。但有一个含微小颗粒的样品,始终不能读数,还以为机器有了问题,再清洗后拿水校正,发现一切正常,所以以后对样品的测试还是要选择的。
对于粉末测试中还有堆积密度测试这一项目。以下整理了一些资料。供下载使用。http://www.instrument.com.cn/download/shtml/111105.shtmlhttp://www.instrument.com.cn/download/shtml/111104.shtmlhttp://www.instrument.com.cn/download/shtml/111108.shtml
[size=18px][b][b]1. 引言[/b] [/b]在药物制剂的研发及生产过程中,往往都会涉及到相关的药物粉体。这些粉体及其片剂的理化性质会影响其混合均匀度、压缩成型过程,以及最终制剂的生物利用度和疗效等,因此,在粉碎、混合、压片、制粒等过程中需要对其相关物理特性进行调控以确保最终制剂质量。除了关注度较高的粒度粒形,比表面积,流动性等性质外,密度及孔隙度的表征也是药物质量的重要指标,并且在研发及生产的众多环节都有所涉及。因而在美国药典USP 、USP ,日本药典JP 3.03,欧洲药典Ph. Eur. 2.9.32、Ph. Eur. 2.2.42和2020年版《中国药典》通用技术0992中,都明确规定了药物粉体相关的密度、孔隙度测定方法。密度主要会影响粉体的流动性,均匀性,压缩性以及离析度、结晶度等等。由片料包裹密度除以骨架密度算得的片料固相分数(Solid Fraction)是辊压过程中的关键工艺参数,测定固相分数可了解药物中固体含量百分比等相关信息,从而提高辊压过程的有效性,并建立可控的辊压速度、辊压压力等工艺操作参数,对工艺过程的参数设置及优化制剂质量具有重要意义。此外,药物材料的骨架密度还可以作为其结晶状态以及二元混合物比例的标志。孔隙度(Porosity)会影响药物的辊压制粒、崩解等过程,以及片剂强度、压实度、含量均匀度及溶出度等性质,是药物崩解、溶出和生物利用度的一个关键质量属性。此外,孔隙度测量还可以预测评估压缩过程中颗粒的变形特性,测量辊压后片料的总孔体积和固相分数,以及评估药物包衣的完整性,帮助确定包衣过程中物料流的参数设置等。综上所述,掌握和控制药物制剂的密度及孔隙度对药物的最终疗效及生产稳定性非常重要。本文将介绍药物粉体密度及孔隙度的定义及测试原理,并举例说明相关测试结果。[b][b]2. 密度测试[/b][/b]密度是单位体积粉体的质量。由于粉体的颗粒内部和颗粒间会存在空隙,所以粉体所占有的体积会因测量方法不同而有所差异,并由此产生如骨架密度、包裹密度等不同的密度概念。(1)真密度和骨架密度(颗粒密度)真密度也称绝对密度,所对应的真体积是指不包含开孔和闭孔的体积。骨架密度(颗粒密度)对应的骨架体积是样品的真实体积与闭孔体积之和,即不包括与外界连通的开孔体积。骨架密度的测定方法一般采用基于阿基米德原理的气体置换法测定,该法是目前世界公认的测真密度、骨架密度可靠的技术之一,并为无损测量。图1所示为麦克仪器的AccuPyc II[b]全自动气体置换法真密度仪[/b],测试采用惰性气体如氦气或氮气作为置换介质取代材料的孔隙体积,根据理想气体定律PV=nRT确定样品体积,结合样品质量可算得骨架密度。[/size][align=center][size=18px][img]http://img72.chem17.com/9/20200731/637318055225383925887.png[/img][/size][/align][size=18px][/size][align=center][size=18px]图1 AccuPyc II[/size][/align][size=18px][b]全自动气体置换法真密度仪[/b](2)包裹密度包裹密度所对应的包裹体积包含颗粒的骨架体积和开孔、闭孔体积,以及颗粒外表面的一些粗糙空隙。图2所示为麦克仪器的GeoPyc 1365[b]全自动包裹密度分析仪[/b]。包裹密度的测试原理是使用一种独特的替代测试技术,通常采用一种具备高流动性的微小刚性球状准流体介质作为替代介质将样品包裹起来。这种替代介质的颗粒很小,在混合过程中可与样品表面紧密贴合,但不会进入样品的孔隙中。[/size][align=center][size=18px][img]http://img75.chem17.com/9/20200731/637318055440362564765.png[/img][/size][/align][size=18px][/size][align=center][size=18px]图2 GeoPyc 1365[/size][/align][size=18px][b]全自动包裹密度分析仪[b]3. 孔隙度测试[/b] [/b]孔隙度指的是颗粒内的孔隙以及样品间隙所占体积与粉体体积之比,通常可通过压汞法和密度计算法等获得。孔隙度越高则表明药物中的总孔体积越大,对应的固体分数就越低。(1)压汞法压汞法是测量药物孔隙度特性常用的方法,可测得样品中与外界连通的开孔体积占总体积的百分比。压汞法的原理是基于汞对大多数固体材料不润湿,界面张力会抵抗汞进入孔中,要使得汞进入材料的开孔中则需要施加外部压力。汞压入的孔半径与所受外压成反比,根据Washburn方程可算出汞压入的孔半径与所受外力的对应关系。图3所示为麦克仪器的AutoPore V全自动压汞仪,其分析技术就是在[color=red]精确[/color]控制的压力下将汞压入材料的多孔结构中,通过测量不同外压下进入孔隙中汞的量,就可知道相应孔体积的大小。压汞法具有快速、高分辨率及分析范围广等优点,除了可测得孔隙度外,该表征还可获得样品的众多特性,例如:孔径分布、总孔体积、总孔比表面积、中值孔径等等。[/size][align=center][size=18px][img]http://img73.chem17.com/9/20200731/637318055737357739692.png[/img][/size][/align][align=center][size=18px]图3 AutoPore V[/size][/align][align=center][b][size=18px]全自动压汞仪[/size][/b][/align][size=18px](2)密度计算法除了压汞法外,通过将气体置换法真密度仪与包裹密度分析仪联用,结合材料的骨架密度和包裹密度,由式①也可直接计算出孔隙度。同时,由式②还可以算出片料的固体分数。[/size][align=center][size=18px][img]http://img74.chem17.com/9/20200731/637318055914530037790.jpg[/img][/size][/align][size=18px][/size][align=center][size=18px][img]http://img74.chem17.com/9/20200731/637318056110665447694.png[/img][/size][/align][size=18px]图4 AccuPyc II[b]全自动气体置换法真密度仪[/b]及GeoPyc 1365[b]全自动包裹密度分析仪[b]4. 密度及孔隙度测试举例[/b] [/b](1)药物辅料硬脂酸镁的骨架密度测定硬脂酸镁是新型药用辅料,可作固体制剂的成膜包衣材料、胶体液体制剂的增稠剂、混悬剂等。使用麦克仪器的AccuPyc II全自动气体置换法真密度仪对其进行骨架密度测试,结果表明,仪器在约16分钟内完成了10个测试循环,该硬脂酸镁样品的密度平均值为1.5157 g/cm3,标准偏差仅为0.0006 g/cm3,密度结果均围绕其平均值波动,结果非常稳定,实现了药物材料快速、高精度的体积测量和密度计算。(2)药物的压汞法孔隙度测定使用麦克仪器公司的AutoPore V [b]全自动压汞仪[/b]对某药物进行压汞测试。其堆积密度为1.1639 g/ml,骨架密度为1.5382 g/ml,由此计算得到的孔隙度为24.3332%。(3)药物片料的密度计算法孔隙度及固相分数测定使用麦克仪器的GeoPyc 1365[b]全自动包裹密度分析仪[/b]对辊压后得到的某药物片料进行孔隙度测试。测得该药物的包裹密度为1.3409 g/cm3,其标准偏差为0.0007 g/cm3,结合由AccuPyc II全自动气体置换法真密度仪测得的骨架密度1.4630 g/cm3,最后算得孔隙率为8.35 %。根据上文公式②,由骨架密度除以包裹密度可算得其固相分数为91.65 %。[b][b]5. 总结[/b][/b][/size][size=18px]药物粉体及相关制剂的密度及孔隙度表征对其处方设计、制备、质量控制等都具有重要指导意义。密度和孔隙度不仅是辊压和压片等过程的关键工艺参数,也是硬度、崩解度、溶出度、生物利用度等的关键质量属性,会直接影响和制约药物的性质及疗效。因而研究和掌握药物粉体及制剂的密度、孔隙度对获得高质量的药物至关重要。采用气体置换法真密度仪和包裹密度分析仪可分别获得药物粉体的骨架密度和包裹密度,通过压汞法或者结合两种密度仪的密度计算法可测得药物的孔隙度及片料的固体分数。借助这些性质表征有助于掌握及预测原料药及辅料在配方中的特性,评估药物制剂的批次变化及药物相关性能,从而优化制造过程和提升产品质量。[/size][size=18px][/size][size=18px][font=arial, helvetica, sans-serif][size=16px]关于麦克仪器公司[/size][/font][font=arial, helvetica, sans-serif][size=16px]麦克仪器公司是专业提供表征颗粒,粉体和多孔材料的物理性能,化学活性和流动性的高性能设备的全球领先的生产商。我们的技术包括:比重密度法、吸附、动态化学吸附、颗粒大小和形状、压汞孔隙度测定、粉末流变学和催化剂活性测试。公司在美国、英国和西班牙设有研发和生产基地,并在美洲、欧洲和亚洲设有直销和服务业务。麦克仪器是创新性的公司,产品是著名的政府和学术机构的10,000多个实验室的首选仪器。我们拥有世界一流的科学家和积极响应的支持团队,通过将Micromeritics技术应用于客户的需求,帮助客户获得成功。更多信息,请访问: [/size][/font][url=http://www.micromeritics.com.cn/][color=#0000ff][font=arial, helvetica, sans-serif]www.micromeritics.com.cn [/font][/color][/url][/size]
对于粉末喷涂施工,测量涂层固化前的粉末层厚度也有着重要的意义。粉末涂层测厚仪与湿膜测厚仪的形式有所不同,使用方法也有区别。其中,非接触式粉末厚度测厚仪是一种超声波测厚仪,使用很方便,可以根据粉末的厚度显示出最终涂层的厚度。 传统的粉末涂层测厚仪包括有:干膜测厚仪和湿膜测厚仪。 [b]湿膜测厚仪应用:[/b] 有研究表明,涂层固化过程中会出现应力是不争的事实。大部分涂层在固化过程中会收缩,由此在涂层内部就出现了拉应力 要是在涂层固化过程中涂料分子的结构发生变化,涂层就会膨胀,涂层内部就会存在压应力。 另外,涂层和基材热膨胀系数不同以及各道涂层间性能的差别等因素都会使涂层内部产生应力。如果涂层中的应力超过了涂层的抗拉强度,涂层就会开裂。内应力的存在还可能使涂层的附着力和抗疲劳性能下降,致使涂层的使用寿命缩短。一旦在涂层完全固化后发现涂层厚度不符合设计要求,就很有可能需要将原先的涂层清除干净后重新涂漆,由此造成的损失会很大。因此,我们需要在涂装过程中随时检查涂层的湿膜厚度。 [b]干膜测厚仪应用:[/b] 涂装施工正式结束之前,要按有关要求或标准对涂层的厚度进行全面的检查。检查涂层厚度的方法有很多,但在涂装施工现场,无损检测法是测量涂层厚度最为常用的方法,这种方法操作简便,工作效率高,经济性好,对涂层不会造成破坏性影响。 为了满足用户对粉末涂料固化前的厚度进行非接触、无破坏性测量,TQC新推出一款可用于湿膜和干膜分析的粉末涂层测厚仪,采用光热法,能够非接触,无破坏性对粉末涂料固化前后的厚度进行分析测量。这台轻巧稳健的仪器可快速精准地测量在金属和MDF底材上粉末涂层在固化前后的厚度。测量系统由传感器和显示器组成,通过一条电缆连接。 [b] TQC Powder TAG 粉末涂层测厚仪特点:[/b] 1、操作简便。只需将探头在合适的距离指向测量物品的表面,然后按下“测量”按钮。 2、可测量任意形状和尺寸的样品,包括边框和边缘的样品。 3、测量范围大,测量值极其精准。 4、可测量任意金属底材品如钢、铝及非金属底材如中密度纤维板。 5、适用于固化或未固化粉末涂料。[align=center][url=http://www.tqc-china.com][img=TQC Powder TAG 粉末涂层测厚仪,416,369]http://www.tqc-china.com/system/upload/day_170711/201707111119434805.png[/img][/url][/align][b]关于TQC Powder TAG 粉末涂层测厚仪更多信息,欢迎随时咨询翁开尔热线:400-680-8138,或者登陆:[/b]www.tqc-china.com.
[align=left][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white]1[/back][/font][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white]、振实密度仪的电源电压应在200V~240V之间,当电源电压不稳定,或有脉冲干扰时,应配备精密净化交流稳压电源。[/back][/font][/align][align=left][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white] [/back][/font][/align][align=left][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white]2[/back][/font][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white]、应将振实密度仪放置平稳、牢固,避免震动、敲击、防止滑落。[/back][/font][/align][align=left][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white] [/back][/font][/align][align=left][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white]3[/back][/font][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white]、在搬运振实密度仪或需要移动时,应注意轻拿轻放,且不可撞击仪器。[/back][/font][/align][align=left][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white] [/back][/font][/align][align=left][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white]4[/back][/font][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white]、清洁振实密度仪表面时可用湿毛巾蘸洗涤剂拧干后擦拭,不得将液体流入或溅入仪器的内部以免烧坏振实密度仪。[/back][/font][/align][align=left][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white] [/back][/font][/align][align=left][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white]5[/back][/font][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white]、振实密度仪系统电源不要在开启后瞬间关闭。每次开、关时间间隔应大于5秒,多次开/关会将电源按键寿命减小及每次开关会有电流通过冲击。[/back][/font][/align][align=left][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white] [/back][/font][/align][align=left][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white]6[/back][/font][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white]、振实密度仪在使用过程中要经常检查保护地线等连接线,确保密度仪的各个部分都处于良好的接地状态。[/back][/font][/align][align=left][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white] [/back][/font][/align][align=left][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white]7[/back][/font][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white]、振实密度仪的振动组件属于运动部件,对溅入到直线轴承中的粉末,请及时用刷子清理干净。[/back][/font][/align][align=left][font='微软雅黑','sans-serif'][back=white] [/back][/font][/align]
各位老师,同学: 我球磨得到粉末(粉末粒度是微米级的,内部晶粒是纳米的),现想制备粉末的TEM试样,不知如何进行? 1,国外一般用FIB,但是国内这个设备不常见,而且制样价格昂贵,所以我不打算用。 2,我搜索过这个主题的帖子,有推荐“乙醇超声分散10分钟,然后滴在碳膜或者微栅上的Cu网上”,个人觉得这个针对的是纳米级粉末吧,希望各位老师,同学了解的在此澄清一下。 3,环氧树脂包埋法。我之前有用这个方法做过一次,最后得到的TEM试样,在电镜下没有看见粉末的内部晶粒。所以希望用此法做过TEM试样的老师,同学能够指教。(1)选用哪种环氧树脂 (2)环氧树脂和固化剂的配比是多少(3)粉末如何均匀的与树脂,固化剂混合(4)固化的时间,温度如何(5)如何切片,选用哪种切片机(可以切金属颗粒的,之前又询问过做生物组织切片的老师,他们所用的切片机,遇到金属颗粒容易打刀)(6)此法想要制备成功TEM试样,除此之外,还有需要注意的? 4,复合电镀包埋。个人感觉此法和树脂包埋的精髓一样,都是将微米级粉末“嵌入”到一个基底中,基底再做常规的TEM试样制备。关于这个一点,我想问一下,这种方法制备的,与树脂包埋相比,哪个制备TEM试样更容易成功? 欢迎各位老师,同学解答,指教。
[url=http://www.f-lab.cn/solid-densimeters/ttdm-300p.html][b]粉末冶金密度计[/b][/url]是专业用于粉末冶金领域的[b]粉末密度计,材料密度计,[/b]适用于[b]粉末冶金[/b]领域和新材料开发应用。[b][b]粉末冶金密度计[/b]原理:按照ASTM B311,B328 MPIF标准42,45 JIS Z2505,Z2506 GB / T 5163.采用基于阿基米德原理的浮力法。[b]粉末冶金密度计[/b]技术数据:[/b] 粉末冶金在金属,合金及其氧化物和碳化物的混合物的高压下形成,等等。粉末冶金是通过模具将金属粉末的细颗粒通过的过程。这个过程可用于生产传统机械过程是不可能的复杂形状。 最后,需要用其他材料固化或熔化。由于粉末冶金的孔结构对物理性能影响很大,所以测量绿色部件的密度和烧结密度是重要的。[b][b]粉末冶金密度计[/b]特点和功能:[/b]TTDM 300P IV,TTDM 600P IV可以直接显示体积密度,有效孔隙率,体积含油量。TTDM 300P IV,TTDM 600P IV设计了一个内容积油的程序轻松连接PC与标准配备的接口。[img]data:image/jpeg 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[/img]更多固体密度计:[url]http://www.f-lab.cn/solid-densimeters.html[/url]
塑料为合成的高分子化合物聚合物,又称为高分子或巨分子,也是一般所称的树脂,可以自由改变形体样式。是利用单体原料以合成或缩合反应聚合而成的材料,由合成树脂及填料、增塑剂、稳定剂、润滑剂、色料等添加剂组成的。http://ng1.17img.cn/bbsfiles/images/2015/12/201512021128_575952_388_3.jpg 塑料分为热塑型和热固型两种。热塑型是材料在加热后会软化,冷却后会变硬成为我们需要的形状,可以反复软化成型。热固型加热后会凝结成一定的形状,重新加热到一定程度就会破坏分子内部结构,释放其中一种或多种元素会脱离出来,成为其他的合成体。塑料粉末的粒度分布取决于制造粉末所用的生产设备和生产工艺参数,同时种类和体系不同,粉末品种所控制的粒度分布也不同。 一般来说,粉末粒径越小,涂料固化时流平性越好,涂膜的外观越平整、光滑,但是粉末的带电性与粒径的平方成正比,粉末太细带电性降低,施工效率就会下降,超细粉(粒径<10μm)基本上不带电,同时粉末太细也加大了粉末生产难度。由于静电喷涂要求粉末不仅具有极均匀的组成,而且要求有适当的粒度分布,因此喷涂的粉末粒径在10-70微米之间为宜。可采用Winner2000ZD湿法激光粒度仪进行测试,该仪器有三档量程0.1-40,0.6-120,1-300,测试分辨率更高,完全满足塑料粉末行业的粒度检测,现已被广泛应用。
想提取粉煤灰中的45微米以下的颗粒大概在5微米到10几微米之间,用什么办法可以提取出来,筛分法根本筛不下去,加超声波只是筛下去一点点,气流筛更不行大家有什么的办法可否分享给我不胜感激。已知粉末粒度小于5微米的大概在40% 就想给分离出来