Scanning Probe Lithography tools have opened a new paradigm in the creation of biomimetic structures, as they enable direct writing of lipid membranes or other biomaterials with spatial resolution down to 100 nm, that can be used as building blocks for chemical or biological sensors.1 We have used Dip-Pen Nanolithography with Phospholipids (l-DPN), which deposits nanosized elements, by transferring absorbed molecules on the AFM tip through a water meniscus onto the substrate, to create an in-vitro platform for the study of lipid membrane curvature driven effects.2 Although l-DPN has generally being conceived as a 2D lithography technique, by tuning the substrate properties, we have recently achieved to extend its capabilities to 3D writing. On the other hand, we have proposed the use of the Fluid Force Microscopy (FluidFM) technology to overcome some inherent limitations of l-DPN. FluidFM features a hollow AFM cantilever with submicron sized aperture that locally disperses a chosen solution3, combines the accuracy of force control positioning and the versatility of microfluidics. This allowed us to create other types of structures, which can mimic the extracellular matrix for in-vitro cell experiments.4 [1] Liu, H. Y.; Kumar, R.; Zhong, C.; Gorji, S.; Paniushkina, L.; Masood, R.; Wittel, U. A.; Fuchs, H.; Nazarenko, I.; Hirtz, M. Adv. Mater. 33, 2008493 (2021) [2] Berganza, E.; Ebrahimkutty, M. P.; Vasantham, S. K.; Zhong, C.; Wunsch, A.; Navarrete, A.; Galic, M.; Hirtz, M. Nanoscale, 13, 12642– 12650, (2021). [3] Berganza, E.; Hirtz, M. Direct-Write Patterning of Functional Biomimetic Lipid Membranes with FluidFM. ACS Appl. Mat. Int. 13, 43, 50774–50784 (2021). [4] Berganza, E.; Apte, G.; Vasantham, S. K.; Nguyen, T-H.; Hirtz, M. Polymers, 14, 7, 1327 (2022)
