美国ARS顶端装载型闭循环非光学低温恒温器X-19-NO

镍铬加热器线

 镍铬加热器线（Nichrome heater wire）用来绕制低温加热器。 线径32AWG(0.203mm),成分： 80% 镍（Nickel），20% 铬（Chromium）； Polyimide 绝缘最高操作温度500K。

In Situ X‑Ray Diffraction Study on Hydrate Formation at Low Temperature in a High Vacuum

The condition for incorporating simple gases with H 2 O to form clathrate hydrates in protosolar nebula is a subject of topical interest. Methane and carbon dioxide clathrate hydrates have been speculated to exist in outer solar system bodies, but they have eluded direct detection so far. We have constructed a low-temperature and high-vacuum system to prepare and study clathrate hydrates by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments.Upon heating, we found clathrate hydrates can be obtained from the codeposition of methane or carbon dioxide with water outside the equilibrium thermodynamic stability region under high vacuum. We suggested that the hydrate formation is assisted by the phase transformations in the ice, which provide the necessary activation energy to increase the mobility of the guest and water molecules. The results provide a new perspective on how “metastable” gas hydrate can be formed.

顺磁共振用低温指状杜瓦

ER 167 FDS-Q Finger dewar For particular, applications, like detection of nitroxide(N0), the nitrogen finger dewar, ER 167 FDS-Q, is the method of choice. The finger dewar minimizes sample preparation time and experimental set-up. The sample temperature is at 77K