SP冷冻干燥机Genesis Pilot Lyophilizers

PCR诊断试剂盒及冷冻干燥的一些考虑

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method widely used in molecular biology to make many copies of a specific DNA segment. PCR enables a small amount (as low as a single copy) of DNA of a particular target/test sample to be exponentially amplified to generate thousands to millions more copies of that particular DNA segment. A precursor reverse transcript process (RT-PCR) can also be added if the target sample is RNA. The RT process first converts the RNA to DNA, and then the PCR process follows with DNA amplification. These are the typical reagents and components involved in a typical PCR method and the role that they each play:

冻干PAT技术：TDLAS

二极管激光器的光谱吸收法被用于温度和浓度测量的历史至少40余年。 可调二极管激光吸收光谱（TDLAS）是利用吸收情况来测量温度和浓度。 根据兰伯特-比尔定律，透射光的强度与吸收剂的浓度有关系。 温度和原子或分子浓度是由线形函数和玻耳兹曼方程确定。 TDLAS技术具有较高的选择性和灵敏度，可以在线连续检测O2，CH4，H2O，CO，CO2，NH3，HCl，HF等不同分子的浓度。 当采用灵敏的检测技术时，检测极限可以提高到ppm或ppb级别。 TDLAS还可通过利用光的多普勒效应进行速度测量，测量的速度范围可接近或超过声速。鉴于其成本合理且稳定，已被广泛应用于质量的流量监控。随着激光光源和外围电光组件的日益成熟和广泛使用，TDLAS已被广泛应用于众多的工业领域。

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)在药物冻干过程监测中的应用

This technical brief provides an overview of Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) and its application for monitoring freeze drying processes. Through the combination of TDLAS

冻干机设备性能的测量：两种方法的比较

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate two methods for measuring the maximum sublimation rate that a freeze-dryer will support—the minimum controllable pressure method and the choke point method. Both methods gave equivalent results, but the minimum controllable pressure method is preferred, since it is easier, faster, and less subjective. The ratio of chamber pressure to condenser pressure corresponding to the onset of chokedflflow was considerably higher in this investigation (up to about 20:1) than in previously published reports. This ratio was not affected by the location of the pressure gauge on the condenser; that is, on the foreline of the vacuum pumpversuson the body of the condenser itself. The total water loss due to sublimation as measured by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy was consistently within 5% of gravimetrically determined weight loss, regardless of whether the measurement took place during chokedversusnon-choked process conditions.