Alpha-Actin(Smooth Muscle)(ACTG2)antibody

Alpha-Actin(Smooth Muscle)(ACTG2)antibody
Cat.#: 1184-1
Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody
Clone ID: E184
Swiss Prot: P63267
Mol Weight: 42kDa
Size: 100ul

Description
Actins are highly conserved proteins ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. They comprise, along with microtubules, a major component of the cytoskeleton. Actin has been found to be expressed in at least six isomeric forms. It is expressed in heart and skeletal striated muscle tissue, and in certain smooth muscle tissues, regulating contractile potentials for these cells. It is also expressed in the cytoplasm of non-muscle cells, functioning to control cell structure and motility (1). Polymerization of globular actin (G-actin) leads to a structural filament (F-actin), whose formation requires the Arp2/3 complex (2). It has been reported that actin is hyperphosphorylated in primary breast tumors (3). It has also been shown that actin dysfunction leads to certain types of heart failure (4). Smooth muscle alpha actin is of further interest because it is one of a few genes whose expression is relatively restricted to vascular smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, expression of smooth muscle alpha actin is regulated by hormones and cell proliferation, and is altered by pathological conditions including oncogenic transformation and atherosclerosis (5).

Recommended Applications
WB, IHC, IP, FC

Applications and Recommended Dilution Factors
WB: 1:1,000 - 5,000
IHC: 1:1000-2000
IP: 1:20
FC: 1:20

Species Reactivity
Human, Mouse, Rat

Cross reactivity determined by western blot only.

Products Data  

 

A. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human uterus tissue using anti-a-Actin (Smooth Muscle) RabMAb (cat. #1184-1); shows positive staining of smooth muscle tissue.
B. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded skeletal muscle tissue using anti-a-Actin (Smooth Muscle) RabMAb (cat. #1184-1); shows negative staining of skeletal muscle tissue.
C. Western blot analysis on A431 cell lysate using anti-a-Actin (Smooth Muscle) RabMAb (catalog #1184-1).

Specificity
A synthetic peptide corresponding to N-terminus of human Actin was used as immunogen. This antibody only detects actin in smooth muscle in immunohistochemistry.

Storage Condition and Buffer
Store at -20 °C. Buffer: 50 mM Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 0.15 M NaCl, 40% Glycerol, 0.01% sodium azide and 0.05% BSA. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.

Alternative Names
ACTG2 antibody, ACT antibody, ACTA3 antibody, ACTE antibody, ACTL3 antibody, ACTSG antibody, Actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle antibody, Alpha-actin-3 antibody, Gamma-2-actin antibody, Smooth muscle gamma-actin antibody

Description References
1. Herman, I.M. Actin isoforms. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 5: 48
2. Bailly, M., et al. The F-actin side binding activity of the Arp2/3 complex is essential for actin nucleation and lamellipod extension. Curr Biol. 11: 620
3. Lim, Y.P., et al. Selective tyrosine hyperphosphorylation of cytoskeletal and stress proteins in primary human breast cancers: implications for adjuvant use of kinase-inhibitory drugs. Clin. Cancer Res. 10: 3980
4. Olson, T.M., et al. Actin mutations in dilated cardiomyopathy, a heritable form of heart failure. Science 280: 750
5. Miwa, T., et al. Structure, chromosome location, and expression of the human smooth muscle (enteric type) gamma-actin gene: evolution of six human actin genes. Mol Cell Biol. 11: 3296-306 (1991).

Product References
1. Hosack LW, Firpo MA, Scott JA, et al, Microvascular maturity elicited in tissue treated with cytokine-loaded hyaluronan-based hydrogels ,Biomaterials 29 (2008) 2336-2347
[Application: IHC]
2. Azuma K, Ichimura K, Mita T, et al, Presence of a-smooth muscle actin-positive endothelial cells in the luminal surface of adult aorta ,Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 380 (2009) 620–626
[Application: IHC]
3. Maass A, Kajahn J, Guerleyik E, et al, Towards a pragmatic strategy for regenerating infarcted myocardium with glandular stem cells ,Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger 191 (2009) 51-61
[Application: ICC]
4. Mishra R, Cool BL, Laderoute KR, et al, AMP-activated Protein Kinase Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor- -induced Smad3-dependent Transcription and Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation ,The Journal of Biological Chemistry 283 (2008) 10461-10469
[Application: ELISA]
5. Khawam K, Giron-Michel J, Gu Y, et al, Human Renal Cancer Cells Express a Novel Membrane-Bound Interleukin-15 that Induces, in Response to the Soluble Interleukin-15 Receptor α Chain, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition ,Cancer Res 69 (2009) 1561-1569
[Application: WB]
6. Nio-Kobayashi J, Takahashi-Iwanaga H, Iwanaga T, Immunohistochemical Localization of Six Galectin Subtypes in the Mouse Digestive Tract ,J. Histochem. Cytochem. 57 (2009) 41 - 50
[Application: IHC]
7. Maniatis NA, Shinin V, Schraufnagel DE, et al, Increased pulmonary vascular resistance and defective pulmonary artery filling in caveolin-1 -/- mice ,Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 294 (2008) L865 - L873
[Application: IHC]
8. Shaposhnik Z, Wang XP, Trias J, et al, The Synergistic Inhibition of Atherogenesis in ApoE-/- Mice Between Pravastatin and the sPLA2 Inhibitor Varespladib (A-002) ,J Lipid Res. 50 (2009) 623-629
[Application: IHC]
9. Kielian T, Syed MM, Liu SL, et al, The Synthetic Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist Ciglitazone Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Accelerates Encapsulation in Bacterial Brain Abscesses ,The Journal of Immunology 180 (2008) 5004–5016
[Application: ICC]
10. Mishra R, Simonson MS, Oleate Induces a Myofibroblast-Like Phenotype in Mesangial Cells ,Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28 (2008) 541-547
[Application: ICC]
11. Ootani A, Li X, Sangiorgi E, et al, Sustained in vitro intestinal epithelial culture within a Wnt-dependent stem cell niche ,Nat Med. 15 (2009) 701-706
[Application: IHC]
12. Rubina K, Kalinina N, Potekhina A, T-cadherin suppresses angiogenesis in vivo by inhibiting migration of endothelial cells ,Angiogenesis 10 (2007) 183–195
[Application: ICC]
13. Dudas J, Mansuroglu T, Batusic D, et al, Thy-1 is an in vivo and in vitro marker of liver myofibroblasts ,Cell Tissue Res 329 (2007) 503–514
[Application: IHC]
14. Masuda R, Mochizuki M, Hozumi K, et al, A novel cell-adhesive scaffold material for delivering keratinocytes reduces granulation tissue in dermal wounds ,Wound Rep Reg 17 (2009) 127–135
[Application: IHC]
15. Auten RL, Potts EN, Mason SN, et al, Maternal Exposure to Particulate Matter Increases Postnatal Ozone-induced Airway Hyperreactivity in Juvenile Mice ,Am J Respir Crit Care Med 180 (2009) 1218-1226
[Application: IHC]
16. Mooney JE, Rolfe BE, Osborne GW, et al, Cellular Plasticity of Inflammatory Myeloid Cells in the Peritoneal Foreign Body Response ,Am. J. Pathol. 176 (2010) 369-380
17. Ueda T, Yamada T, Hokuto D, et al, Generation of functional gut-like organ from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells ,Biochem Biophys Res Commun 391 (2010) 38-42
[Application: IHC]
18. Mooney JE, Rolfe BE, Osborne GW, et al, Cellular Plasticity of Inflammatory Myeloid Cells in the Peritoneal Foreign Body Response ,Am J Pathol 176 (2010) 369-380
[Application: ICC]
19. Latonen L, Järvinen PM, Suomela S, et al, Ultraviolet B radiation regulates cysteine-rich protein 1 in human keratinocytes ,Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 26 (2010) 70-77
[Application: ICC]
20. Pinto MP, Badtke MM, Dudevoir ML, et al, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Secreted by Activated Stroma Enhances Angiogenesis and Hormone-Independent Growth of Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer ,Cancer Res 70 (2010) 2655-2664
21. Malik IA, Moriconi F, Sheikh N, et al, Single-Dose Gamma-Irradiation Induces Up-Regulation of Chemokine Gene Expression and Recruitment of Granulocytes into the Portal Area but Not into Other Regions of Rat Hepatic Tissue ,Am J Pathol 176 (2010) 1801-1815
[Application: IHC]
22. Lang YD, Hung CL, Wu TY, et al, The renin-angiotensin system mediates hyperoxia-induced collagen production in human lung fibroblasts ,Free Radic Biol Med 49 (2010) 88-95
[Application: WB]
23. Fleenor BS, Marshall KD, Durrant JR, et al, Arterial stiffening with ageing is associated with transforming growth factor-β1-related changes in adventitial collagen: reversal by aerobic exercise ,J Physiol 588(2010) 3971-3982