什么是原水、软化水、脱盐水、纯水和超纯水

文献名： Structural, morphological and optical properties of Bi NPs obtained by laser ablation and their selective detection of L-cysteine 作者： Ramon Gabriel Teixeira Rosaa, Celso de Araujo Duartea , Wido Herwig Schreinera, Ney Pereira Mattoso Filhoa, Arandi Ginane Bezerra Jr.b, Andersson Barisonc, Fernanda Maria Marins Ocamposc a Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná Centro Politécnico, CP 19044, 81531-990 Curitiba (PR), Brazil b Departamento Acadêmico de Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 80230-901 Curitiba (PR), Brazil c Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná Centro Politécnico, CP 19081, 81531-990 Curitiba (PR), Brazil 摘要：In the present work we show the results of the investigation of the properties of bismuth nanoparticles (NPs) obtained by the laser ablation in water. The samples were characterized by various techniques: UV/vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance and zeta potential. The NPs were metallic and surface oxidated, exhibiting absorption peak at 257 nm due to the surface plasmon resonance. The interaction between the NPs and various amino acids was studied and revealed a selective sensibility to cysteine on a range of concentration from 80 to 720 μM, which we attribute to a dimerization of cysteine to cystine probably complexed to the nanoparticle surface by electrostatic interactions, leading to the modification of the NP absorption spectrum. 关键词：Bismuth; Nanoparticles; Laser ablation; Cysteine

TOC与COD的测定方法不同。测定COD是采用强氧化剂和加热回流的方法，只能将水中的有机物部分氧化（氧化率较低），并且测定时间较长，即使目前一些快速的

Lipid profiling from complex lipid extracts can be a challenging and time consuming task. The high complexity of samples and co-elution of isobaric or isomeric compounds complicate the confident annotation of lipids. The presented 4D-Lipidomics workflow simplifies and streamlines the annotation and validation process using mobility-enhanced MS data.

三维X射线显微镜是当前获取样品内部三维结构最有力的工具之一，而且作为无损的非破坏成像技术，它适用于各种形态的样品，无需包埋，镀层或切片等复杂的样品前处理。布鲁克skyscan系列三维X射线纤维成像系统，包含稳定易用的高分辨率成像设备，功能强大的软件套装，可为不同领域的应用提供完善的解决方案。 我们为大家带来桌面型三维X射线显微镜在药物与医疗器械领域的应用介绍。